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Le chômage structurel à 5% en France ?

Author

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  • Eric Heyer

    (Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (OFCE))

  • Xavier Timbeau

    (Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques)

Abstract

En partant d’un modèle espace-état standard, composée de la relation de Phillips en forme réduite, nous proposons dans cette étude un modèle enrichissant la dynamique, en distinguant explicitement NAIRU et chômage structurel. Ce modèle nécessite une estimation par le filtre de Kalman et s’apparente aux estimations de TV-NAIRU. À partir d’hypothèses raisonnables sur la variance des innovations affectant le NAIRU, nos estimations aboutissent à une évaluation du NAIRU habituelle pour la France, alors que la valeur du taux de chômage structurel est comprise entre 5 et 6 %, réconciliant la mesure du chômage structurel avec l’intuition du taux de chômage de « plein emploi ». Contrairement au modèle standard, qui exploite uniquement l’information contenue dans la courbe de Phillips, le modèle employé permet, par ailleurs, une validation empirique de quelques déterminants du chômage structurel. Ainsi, le dilemme inflation-chômage ne subsiste pas à long terme ; les taux d’intérêt réels de long terme jouent positivement sur le taux de chômage structurel (1 point de taux d’intérêt implique 0,5 point de chômage) ; la productivité joue négativement (1 point de productivité en plus abaisse le taux de chômage structurel de 0,5 point) ; le ratio salaire minimum sur salaire moyen joue positivement sur le taux de chômage structurel ; le taux de remplacement et le coin fiscalo-social n’influent pas. Cette liste reste néanmoins ouverte à d’autres facteurs, comme le niveau d’employabilité de la main-d’oeuvre, qui ont un impact significatif sur la formation du chômage structurel.

Suggested Citation

  • Eric Heyer & Xavier Timbeau, 2002. "Le chômage structurel à 5% en France ?," Sciences Po publications info:hdl:2441/1625, Sciences Po.
  • Handle: RePEc:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/1625
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    Cited by:

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    2. Eric Heyer & Frédéric Reynés & Henri Sterdyniak, 2004. "Observable and unobservable variables in the theory of the equilibrium rate of unemployment, a comparison between France and the United States," Sciences Po publications n°2004-06, Sciences Po.
    3. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/5l6uh8ogmqildh09h561p0po1 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Eric Heyer, 2011. "The effectiveness of economic policy and position in the cycle: the case of tax reductions on overtime in France," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press and Oxford Review of Economic Policy Limited, vol. 27(2), pages 364-379.
    5. repec:spo:wpecon:info:hdl:2441/2005 is not listed on IDEAS
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    7. Éric Heyer & Mathieu Plane & Xavier Timbeau, 2010. "Quelle dette publique à l'horizon 2030 en France ?," Revue de l'OFCE, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 0(1), pages 5-33.
    8. Eric Heyer, 2010. "Efficacité de la politique économique et position dans le cycle : le cas de la défiscalisation des heures supplémentaires en France," Sciences Po publications 2010-26, Sciences Po.
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    10. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/1904 is not listed on IDEAS
    11. Gian Luigi Mazzi & Frédéric Reynés & Matthieu Lemoine & Paola Veroni, 2008. "Real Time Estimation of Potential Output and Output Gap for the Euro-Area : Comparing Production Function with Unobserved Components and SVAR Approaches," Sciences Po publications 2008-34, Sciences Po.
    12. repec:spo:wpecon:info:hdl:2441/5l6uh8ogmqildh09h61ql8ubo is not listed on IDEAS
    13. repec:hal:wpspec:info:hdl:2441/2005 is not listed on IDEAS
    14. El Alaoui, Aicha & Ezzahidi, Elhadj & Eladnani, Mohamed Jellal, 2013. "Etimating NAIRU: the Morocco case," MPRA Paper 56815, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised Apr 2014.
    15. Gerard Cornilleau & Jerome Creel, 2014. "Financialisation and the Financial and Economic Crises: The Case of France," FESSUD studies fstudy22, Financialisation, Economy, Society & Sustainable Development (FESSUD) Project.
    16. Baghli, M. & Brunhes-Lesage, V. & De bandt, O. & Fraisse, H. & Villetelle, J-P., 2004. "MASCOTTE: Model for AnalySing and foreCasting shOrT TErm developments," Working papers 106, Banque de France.
    17. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/5l6uh8ogmqildh09h61ql8ubo is not listed on IDEAS
    18. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/1907 is not listed on IDEAS
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    20. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/5l6uh8ogmqildh09h61k5ih10 is not listed on IDEAS
    21. Jérôme Creel & Éric Heyer & Mathieu Plane, 2011. "Petit précis de politique budgétaire par tous les temps. Les multiplicateurs budgétaires au cours du cycle," Revue de l'OFCE, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 0(1), pages 61-88.
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    25. Sébastien Charles & Thomas Dallery & Jonathan Marie, 2018. "Some Thoughts and Proposals Concerning the Concept of Output Gap [Réflexions et suggestions autour du concept d’output gap]," Post-Print hal-02335667, HAL.

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    Chômage structurel;

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