We study the determinants of 19th century mass migration with special attention to the role of institutional factors beside standard economic fundamentals. We find that economic forces associated with income and demographic differentials had a major role in the determination of this historical event, but that the quality of institutions also mattered. We evaluate separately the impact of political institutions linked to democracy and suffrage and of those institutions more specifically targeted at attracting migrants, i.e., citizenship acquisition, land distribution, and public education policies. We find that both sets of institutions contributed to this event, even after controlling for their potential endogeneity through a set of instruments exploiting colonial history and the quality of institutions inherited from the past.
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Paper provided by Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in its series IZA Discussion Papers with number
2499.
Find related papers by JEL classification: F22 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Migration P16 - Economic Systems - - Capitalist Systems - - - Political Economy of Capitalism N33 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Income, and Wealth - - - Europe: Pre-1913 O15 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration K40 - Law and Economics - - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior - - - General F54 - International Economics - - International Relations and International Political Economy - - - Colonialism; Imperialism; Postcolonialism
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