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Desempeño escolar y elección de colegios: La experiencia chilena

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Author Info
Alejandra Mizala ()
Pilar Romaguera ()
Abstract

Hoy en día existe una creciente preocupación sobre el tema de la calidad de la educación, derivada en parte del reconocimiento de sus efectos sobre la distribución del ingreso y el crecimiento económico. Sin embargo, la experiencia nos señala que este desafío es complejo. Tanto los países en desarrollo como los países desarrollados han, por una parte, gastado una creciente cantidad de recursos y, por otra, implementado diversas reformas con el fin de mejorar la calidad de la educación; muchas veces los resultados no han estado de acuerdo a lo esperado. Chile ha sido uno de los países que ha introducido reformas novedosas en el sistema educativo: descentralización, subsidios a la demanda y elección de colegios como estímulo a la competencia, evaluaciones estandarizadas como la prueba SIMCE, programas especiales (como el MECE), programas de apoyo focalizado a las escuelas más pobres (P-900), entre otras medidas. Una de las reformas más interesantes ha sido la introducción de un sistema de subvenciones escolares (similares a un voucher) y la entrada de agentes privados en la provisión de servicios educativos gratuitos. Chile, en la práctica, ha implementado una de las reformas más discutidas a nivel internacional, como lo demuestra la extensa discusión sobre las políticas de elección de colegios (choice). El propósito de este trabajo es examinar la experiencia chilena focalizándose, por una parte, en las reformas que buscan emular o crear mecanismos de mercado como forma de incentivar la calidad del proceso educativo, y por otra, en el análisis del rendimiento escolar de los establecimientos educacionales según su tipo de dependencia.

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Paper provided by Centro de Economía Aplicada, Universidad de Chile in its series Documentos de Trabajo with number 36.

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Date of creation: 1998
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Handle: RePEc:edj:ceauch:36

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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Meyer, Robert H., 1997. "Value-added indicators of school performance: A primer," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 16(3), pages 283-301, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Goldhaber, Dan D., 1996. "Public and private high schools: Is school choice an answer to the productivity problem?," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 93-109, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Ritzen, Jozef M. M. & van Dommelen, Jan & De Vijlder, Frans J., 1997. "School finance and school choice in the Netherlands," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 16(3), pages 329-335, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Winkler, Donald R. & Rounds, Taryn, 1996. "Municipal and private sector response to decentralization and school choice," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 15(4), pages 365-376, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Cecilia Elena Rouse, 1997. "Private School Vouchers and Student Achievement: An Evaluation of the Milwaukee Parental Choice Program," NBER Working Papers 5964, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Blair, John P. & Staley, Sam, 1995. "Quality competition and public schools: Further evidence," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 14(2), pages 193-198, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. West, Edwin G, 1997. "Education Vouchers in Principle and Practice: A Survey," World Bank Research Observer, Oxford University Press, vol. 12(1), pages 83-103, February. [Downloadable!]
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Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Gauri, Varun & Vawda, Ayesha, 2003. "Vouchers for basic education in developing countries : a principal-agent perspective," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3005, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
  2. Andrea Tokman Ramos, 2002. "Is Private Education Better? Evidence from Chile," Working Papers Central Bank of Chile 147, Central Bank of Chile. [Downloadable!]
  3. Francisco A. Gallego, 2002. "Competencia y Resultados Educativos: Teoría y Evidencia para Chile," Working Papers Central Bank of Chile 150, Central Bank of Chile. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  4. Cristian Aedo & Claudio Sapelli, . "El Sistema De Vouchers En La Educación: Una Revisión De La Teoría Y La Evidencia Empírica Para Chile," ILADES-Georgetown University Working Papers inv133, Ilades-Georgetown University, School of Economics and Bussines. [Downloadable!]
  5. Andrea Tokman, 2004. "Education and Economic Growth in Chile," Working Papers Central Bank of Chile 289, Central Bank of Chile. [Downloadable!]
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