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The effect of health on economic growth: a meta-regression analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Masagus M. Ridhwan

    (Bank Indonesia)

  • Peter Nijkamp

    (Open University
    Cuza University)

  • Affandi Ismail

    (Bank Indonesia)

  • Luthfi M.Irsyad

    (Bank Indonesia)

Abstract

The main objective of this study is to examine the effect of health on economic growth based on 719 estimates obtained from 64 studies from all over the world. We find evidence of a publication bias towards a positive estimated effect of health on economic growth. After accounting for heterogeneity of the estimates, we show that health has a genuine positive effect on economic growth. Less developed countries seem to enjoy a higher effect of health on growth driven by the ongoing economic–demographic transition in those countries. The variation of the health effect on economic growth is also influenced by the available data, estimation procedure, model specification, publication channel, and country characteristics in each study. Studies that do not account for endogeneity seem to create an upward bias. Studies with more comprehensive variables seem to increase the estimated effect of health on growth. A higher number of years of compulsory education, longer working experience, and more favourable environmental conditions also increase the effect size. Overall, our results confirm the key role of the health factor in explaining economic growth across countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Masagus M. Ridhwan & Peter Nijkamp & Affandi Ismail & Luthfi M.Irsyad, 2022. "The effect of health on economic growth: a meta-regression analysis," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 63(6), pages 3211-3251, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:empeco:v:63:y:2022:i:6:d:10.1007_s00181-022-02226-4
    DOI: 10.1007/s00181-022-02226-4
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Meta-regression analysis; Mixed effect; Economic growth; Health;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C8 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs
    • I1 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health
    • O47 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence

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