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The New Demographic Transition: Most Gains in Life Expectancy Now Realized Late in Life

In: Health Economics and Policy Selected Writings by Victor Fuchs

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  • VICTOR R. FUCHS

Abstract

The original “demographic transition” describes a process that began in Europe by the early 1800s with decreases in mortality followed, usually after a lag, by decreases in fertility. According to Lee and Recher (2011), p. 1, “this historical process ranks as one of the most important changes affecting human society in the past half millennium.” The increase in life expectancy associated with this demographic transition has been accompanied by rising levels of per capita output, which have in turn spurred further improvements in population health through better nutrition and living standards and, especially since World War II, through advances in medical care. At the same time, increases in life expectancy have resulted in a higher proportion of each cohort living long enough to participate in the production of goods and services. Reductions in fertility are also closely linked to higher labor force participation rates among women…

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  • Victor R. Fuchs, 2018. "The New Demographic Transition: Most Gains in Life Expectancy Now Realized Late in Life," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Health Economics and Policy Selected Writings by Victor Fuchs, chapter 32, pages 379-401, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    • Handle: RePEc:wsi:wschap:9789813232877_0032
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    Keywords

    Health; Medical Care; Health Policy; Economics; Health Care Reform; Health Insurance;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I15 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health and Economic Development

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