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HIV, AIDS prevention and class and socio-economic related factors of risk of HIV infection

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  • Luger, Lisa

Abstract

Trotz einer Vielzahl präventiver Bemühungen ereignen sich nach wie vor HIV-Infektionen. Nachdem sich die Epidemie ursprünglich hauptsächlich unter schwulen Männern der Mittelschichten ausgebreitet hatte, erstreckt sie sich zunehmend auch auf Menschen aus unteren Sozialschichten. Infolge dessen tragen derzeit Menschen mit niedrigem Sozialstatus ein höheres Risiko im Hinblick auf die HIV-Infektion. Zudem verfügen sie im Falle einer Infektion über geringere Möglichkeiten der Belastungs- bzw. der Krankheitsbewältigung. Die Gruppe der schwulen Männer entwickelte von Beginn an kollektive Antworten auf die Bedrohung durch HIV und begrenzte auf diese Weise erfolgreich die Anzahl von HIV-Infektionen in ihren Reihen. Menschen mit niedrigem sozialen Status scheinen dabei von Präventionsbotschaften weniger erreicht zu werden, sei es weil diese Botschaften an ihnen vorbeigehen, sei es, weil die Botschaften für sie weniger verständlich übermittelt wurden oder sie es, weil diese nicht hinreichend auf den sozialen und kulturellen Kontext dieser Gruppen bezogen sind. Möglicherweise haben Präventionsprogramme sozio-ökonomische und schichtenspezifische Unterschiede sowie ihre Implikationen in Hinblick auf HIV/Aids nicht hinreichend berücksichtigt. Der vorliegende Literaturbericht gibt einen Überblick über Befunde zu schichtspezifischen Unterschieden und Faktoren in ihrem Verhältnis zur HIV-Infektion. Es werden Gründe herausgearbeitet, die das erhöhte Risiko einer HIV-Infektion bei Menschen aus unteren Sozialschichten sowie den begrenzten Erfolg von Präventionskampagnen in diesen Bevölkerungsgruppen erklären können. Außerdem werden Interventionsstrategien vorgestellt, mit denen die sozial bedingten Unterschiede des Risikos einer HIV-Infektion überwunden werden könnten. Der Bericht benennt Wissenlücken in Hinblick auf Faktoren, die die unterschiedliche Vulnerabilität unterschiedlicher Bevölkerungsgruppen im Hinblick auf die HIV-Infektion erklären können. Benötigt werden mehr sorgfältig begleitete und evaluierte Interventionen, die auf die Verbesserung von Lebens- und Arbeitsbedingungen benachteiligter Gruppen abzielen, um ihre Vulnerabilität gegenüber Erkrankungen allgemein und speziell der HIV-Infektionen senken. Gleichzeitig sollten beim Entwurf und der Weiterentwicklung von Präventionsbotschaften der Wissensstand und die Lebensbedingungen von Menschen in unteren Sozialschichten stärker berücksichtigt werden. Auch fehlt es an Wissen über Zusammenhänge zwischen sozio-ökonomischem Status einerseits sowie der Lebensqualität und Lebenserwartung nach einer HIV-Infektion andererseits. Einstellungen zum HIV-Antikörpertest, Zugang und Qualität der Krankenversorgung könnten im erheblichen Umfang durch sozioökonomische Unterschiede beeinflußt sein. Dies beleuchtet noch einmal die besondere Bedeutung verbesserter Primär-Prävention für untere Sozialschichten.

Suggested Citation

  • Luger, Lisa, 1998. "HIV, AIDS prevention and class and socio-economic related factors of risk of HIV infection," Discussion Papers, Research Group Public Health P 98-204, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:wzbhea:p98204
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    1. Rosenbrock, Rolf & Schaeffer, Doris & Dubois-Arber, Francoise & Moers, Martin & Pinell, Patrice & Setbon, Michel, 1999. "The Aids policy cycle in Western Europe: From exceptionalism to normalization," Discussion Papers, Research Group Public Health P 99-202, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    2. Rosenbrock, Rolf & Schaeffer, Doris & Dubois-Arber, Francoise & Moers, Martin & Pinell, Patrice & Setbon, Michel, 1999. "Die Normalisierung von Aids in Westeuropa: Der Politik-Zyklus am Beispiel einer Infektionskrankheit," Discussion Papers, Research Group Public Health P 99-201, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    3. Myriam Khlat & Sophie Le Coeur, 2021. "COVID-19 Epidemic: Early Shift in the Socioeconomic Profile of the Affected Population," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-3, March.

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