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The origins of bank-based and market-based financial systems: Germany, Japan, and the United States

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  • Vitols, Sigurt

Abstract

This paper examines the historical origins of the bank-based financial systems in Germany and Japan and the market-based financial system in the US. It critically examines the "timing of industrialization" (TOI) thesis, i.e. the assertion that variation in the current structure of financial systems can be explained by differences in the timing of the "take-off" phase of industrialization. The first major claim I make is that TOI overstates both the significance of bank-based finance for the rapid industrialization of Germany and Japan and the extent to which the financial systems really were different. Second, I argue that TOI understates the importance of different patterns of state regulation, particularly starting in the 1930s, for explaining postwar differences in the financial systems. The third claim I make is that differences in financial regimes are dependent not only upon the narrow issue of financial regulation but also on the nature of the regulation of labor, including welfare regimes.

Suggested Citation

  • Vitols, Sigurt, 2001. "The origins of bank-based and market-based financial systems: Germany, Japan, and the United States," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Economic Change and Employment FS I 01-302, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:wzbece:fsi01302
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    1. Tamaki,Norio, 1995. "Japanese Banking," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521496766, September.
    2. Yabushita Shiro & Inoue Atsushi, 1993. "The Stability of the Japanese Banking System: A Historical Perspective," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 7(4), pages 387-407, December.
    3. White, Eugene Nelson, 1986. "Before the Glass-Steagall Act: An analysis of the investment banking activities of national banks," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 23(1), pages 33-55, January.
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    3. Till van Treeck, 2008. "The political economy debate on ‘financialisation’ – a macroeconomic perspective," IMK Working Paper 01-2008, IMK at the Hans Boeckler Foundation, Macroeconomic Policy Institute.
    4. Ralf Bebenroth & Diemo Dietrich & Uwe Vollmer, 2009. "Bank regulation and supervision in bank-dominated financial systems: a comparison between Japan and Germany," European Journal of Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 27(2), pages 177-209, April.
    5. Schenkenhofer, Julian, 2020. "Hidden champions: A review of the literature & future research avenues," UO Working Papers 06-20, University of Augsburg, Chair of Management and Organization.
    6. Dima, Bogdan & Dincă, Marius Sorin & Spulbăr, Cristi, 2014. "Financial nexus: Efficiency and soundness in banking and capital markets," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 100-124.
    7. Ram Sharan Kharel Ph.D. & Dilli Ram Pokhrel Ph.D., 2012. "Does Nepal's Financial Structure Matter for Economic Growth?," NRB Working Paper 10/2012, Nepal Rastra Bank, Research Department.
    8. Ram Sharan Kharel Ph.D. & Dilli Ram Pokhrel Ph.D., 2012. "Does Nepal's Financial Structure Matter for Economic Growth?," NRB Economic Review, Nepal Rastra Bank, Research Department, vol. 24(2), pages 31-46, October.
    9. Julian Schenkenhofer, 2022. "Hidden champions: a review of the literature & future research avenues," Management Review Quarterly, Springer, vol. 72(2), pages 417-482, June.
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    11. David B. Audretsch & Erik E. Lehmann & Julian Schenkenhofer, 2021. "A Context-Choice Model of Niche Entrepreneurship," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 45(5), pages 1276-1303, September.
    12. Ingrid Groessl & Rolf von Luede & Jan Fleck, 2013. "Genesis and Persistence of Trust in Banks," Macroeconomics and Finance Series 201307, University of Hamburg, Department of Socioeconomics.
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    14. Labrinidis, George, 2018. "The roots of the Euro," MPRA Paper 86560, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Höpner, Martin & Krempel, Lothar, 2003. "The politics of the German company network," MPIfG Working Paper 03/9, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies.
    16. Nakabayashi, Masaki, 2019. "Ownership structure and market efficiency," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 189-212.

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