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Wie die Europäische Kommission Liberalisierung durchsetzt: Der Konflikt um das öffentlich-rechtliche Bankenwesen in Deutschland

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  • Seikel, Daniel

Abstract

Während der Finanzkrise beherrschten ausgerechnet öffentliche deutsche Landesbanken die Schlagzeilen. Eine Ursache für die Verwicklung der Landesbanken in die Finanzkrise ist die Liberalisierung des deutschen öffentlich-rechtlichen Bankenwesens durch die Europäische Kommission. Der Erfolg der Liberalisierungsbefürworter ist umso erstaunlicher, da die EU-Mitgliedstaaten ursprünglich nicht vorgesehen - und vorhergesehen - haben, dass das europäische Recht als ein Hebel für die Veränderung nationaler Finanzsysteme dienen würde. Wie konnte sich die Kommission gegen den entschlossenen Widerstand Deutschlands durchsetzen und so den Vorrang des europäischen Wettbewerbsrechts über vormals der nationalstaatlichen Regulierung vorbehaltene Bereiche etablieren? Dieser Artikel geht der Frage nach, warum sich die supranationale Dynamik selbst in hoch umstrittenen Fällen gegen die intergouvernementale Logik durchsetzt. In der Auseinandersetzung um deutsche öffentlich-rechtliche Banken hat die Kommission ihre wettbewerbsrechtlichen Kompetenzen mit politischen Strategien kombiniert, die auf die Interessenunterschiede innerhalb der Verteidigerkoalition zielten. So hat die Kommission nicht nur die Rückfallposition der Verteidiger verschoben, sondern auch deren Reihen entzweit: Zuvor nicht handlungsrelevante Interessenunterschiede brechen auf, die einstmals geschlossene Koalition der Verteidiger zerbricht. Der Fall veranschaulicht, wie die Kommission auch gegen den Willen der Mitgliedstaaten eigene politische Präferenzen durchsetzen kann.

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  • Seikel, Daniel, 2011. "Wie die Europäische Kommission Liberalisierung durchsetzt: Der Konflikt um das öffentlich-rechtliche Bankenwesen in Deutschland," MPIfG Discussion Paper 11/16, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:mpifgd:1116
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