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Ein tschechisches Wunder? Zur Rolle politikinduzierter Anreizstrukturen im Transformationsprozeß

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  • Raiser, Martin

Abstract

Der Transformationsprozeß in der Tschechischen Republik zeichnet sich im Vergleich zu anderen Staaten Mittel- und Osteuropas durch eine relativ niedrige Arbeitslosigkeit und durch ein hohes Maß an monetärer Stabilität aus. Dieses "Wunder" läßt sich primär auf die Besonderheiten der tschechischen Wirtschaftspolitik zurückführen. Durch effektive Lohnkontrollen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt hat die tschechische Regierung eine Dekapitalisierung von Staatsunternehmen verhindern können. Gleichzeitig hat das niedrige Lohnniveau die Schaffung neuer Arbeitsplätze vor allem im privaten Dienstleistungssektor begünstigt. Die Sozialpolitik, die ihre staatliche Unterstützung auf Umschulungen und zeitlich befristete Lohnsubventionen konzentriert und nicht durch großzügige Arbeitslosenunterstützung Schwarzarbeit und Anspruchsdenken fördert, hat sich als kostengünstiges und effektives Instrument zur Eindämmung der sozialen Kosten der Transformation erwiesen. Auf dem Kapitalmarkt hat die frühe Rekapitalisierung des tschechischen Bankensystems eine Finanzkrise bislang vermeiden helfen. Eine straffe Geld- und Fiskalpolitik wurde durch absolute Kreditobergrenzen für Staatsunternehmen ergänzt. Die Budgetbeschränkungen für Staatsunternehmen wurden wirksam gehärtet, und eine Überschuldung wurde vermieden. Dies erweist sich bei der Privatisierung als Vorteil und ermöglicht es, das Bankensystem als effektive Kontrollinstanz in der Phase der Umstrukturierung einzusetzen. Das Ausbleiben einer Konkurswelle nach Einführung des Konkursgesetzes und die vergleichsweise niedrigen Inflationsraten in der Tschechischen Republik sind positive Indizien für die anhaltende Stabilität auf dem tschechischen Kapitalmarkt.

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  • Raiser, Martin, 1994. "Ein tschechisches Wunder? Zur Rolle politikinduzierter Anreizstrukturen im Transformationsprozeß," Kiel Discussion Papers 233, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ifwkdp:233
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    Cited by:

    1. Martin Raiser, 1995. "“Transition is a bridge, therefore do not dwell upon it”1," The Economics of Transition, The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, vol. 3(2), pages 215-246, June.

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