IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/zbw/fisisi/s012023.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Public charging requirements for battery electric long-haul trucks in Europe: A trip chain approach

Author

Listed:
  • Shoman, Wasim
  • Yeh, Sonia
  • Sprei, Frances
  • Plötz, Patrick
  • Speth, Daniel

Abstract

Heavy-duty vehicles (HDV) account for less than 2-5% of the vehicles on the road in Europe but contribute to 15-22% of CO2 emissions from road transport. Battery electric trucks (BETs) could be deployed on a large scale to reduce greenhouse gas emissions but they require charging infrastructure that supports long-haul operations. Therefore, assessing the required charging locations, energy, and power requirements is critical. We use a trip-chain-based model to derive charging requirements for BETs in long-haul operation (defined as travel times over 4.5 hours or distances over 360 km) for Europe in 2030. We convert an origin-destination (OD) matrix into trip chains combined with European truck driving regulations to derive break and rest stops. We show that an average charging area (defined as a 25 x 25 km square, where each square can include multiple charging stations and parking lots with multiple charging points) needs to have four to five times more overnight than megawatt (MW) charging points: We estimate that about 40,000 overnight charging points (50-100 kW, combined charging system, CCS) and about 9,000 megawatt charging system (MCS, 0.7- 1.2 MW) points are required to support a BET share of long-haul operations at 15%. On average, 8 and 2 CCS and MCS chargers are required per charging area, and each CCS and MCS serves, on average, 2 and 11 BETs daily, respectively. The daily electricity demand for public charging of BET in each charging area would be around 110 GWh. The model can be applied to any region with similar data. Future work can consider improving the queuing model, assumptions regarding regional differences of BET penetration and heterogeneity of truck sizes and utilization.

Suggested Citation

  • Shoman, Wasim & Yeh, Sonia & Sprei, Frances & Plötz, Patrick & Speth, Daniel, 2023. "Public charging requirements for battery electric long-haul trucks in Europe: A trip chain approach," Working Papers "Sustainability and Innovation" S01/2023, Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI).
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:fisisi:s012023
    DOI: 10.24406/publica-694
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/268449/1/1831212196.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.24406/publica-694?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Partha Mishra & Eric Miller & Shriram Santhanagopalan & Kevin Bennion & Andrew Meintz, 2022. "A Framework to Analyze the Requirements of a Multiport Megawatt-Level Charging Station for Heavy-Duty Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-18, May.
    2. Peterson, Scott B. & Michalek, Jeremy J., 2013. "Cost-effectiveness of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle battery capacity and charging infrastructure investment for reducing US gasoline consumption," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 429-438.
    3. Santos, Georgina, 2017. "Road transport and CO2 emissions: What are the challenges?," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 71-74.
    4. Alberto Danese & Michele Garau & Andreas Sumper & Bendik Nybakk Torsæter, 2021. "Electrical Infrastructure Design Methodology of Dynamic and Static Charging for Heavy and Light Duty Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-15, June.
    5. Mulholland, Eamonn & Teter, Jacob & Cazzola, Pierpaolo & McDonald, Zane & Ó Gallachóir, Brian P., 2018. "The long haul towards decarbonising road freight – A global assessment to 2050," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C), pages 678-693.
    6. Joubert, Johan W. & Meintjes, Sumarie, 2015. "Repeatability & reproducibility: Implications of using GPS data for freight activity chains," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 81-92.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jon Williamsson, 2022. "EV Charging on Ferries and in Terminals—A Business Model Perspective," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-14, September.
    2. Deyan Yang & Jinyong Wang & Dongping Song, 2019. "Channel Structure Strategies of Supply Chains with Varying Green Cost and Governmental Interventions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-26, December.
    3. Tong Zhang, Paul J. Burke, and Qi Wang, 2024. "Effectiveness of electric vehicle subsidies in China: A three-dimensional panel study," Departmental Working Papers 2024-1, The Australian National University, Arndt-Corden Department of Economics.
    4. Verónica Anadón Martínez & Andreas Sumper, 2023. "Planning and Operation Objectives of Public Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructures: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-41, July.
    5. Mehdi Jahangir Samet & Heikki Liimatainen & Oscar Patrick René van Vliet & Markus Pöllänen, 2021. "Road Freight Transport Electrification Potential by Using Battery Electric Trucks in Finland and Switzerland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-22, February.
    6. Andriosopoulos, Kostas & Bigerna, Simona & Bollino, Carlo Andrea & Micheli, Silvia, 2018. "The impact of age on Italian consumers' attitude toward alternative fuel vehicles," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 299-308.
    7. Kim, Hyunjung & Kim, Dae-Wook & Kim, Man-Keun, 2022. "Economics of charging infrastructure for electric vehicles in Korea," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    8. Carmen Callao & M. Pilar Latorre & Margarita Martinez-Núñez, 2021. "Understanding Hazardous Waste Exports for Disposal in Europe: A Contribution to Sustainable Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-14, August.
    9. Trent, Nadia M. & Joubert, Johan W., 2022. "Logistics sprawl and the change in freight transport activity: A comparison of three measurement methodologies," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
    10. Saxena, Samveg & MacDonald, Jason & Moura, Scott, 2015. "Charging ahead on the transition to electric vehicles with standard 120V wall outlets," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 720-728.
    11. Hasan Huseyin Coban & Wojciech Lewicki & Ewelina Sendek-Matysiak & Zbigniew Łosiewicz & Wojciech Drożdż & Radosław Miśkiewicz, 2022. "Electric Vehicles and Vehicle–Grid Interaction in the Turkish Electricity System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-19, November.
    12. Alfredo Alvarez-Diazcomas & Adyr A. Estévez-Bén & Juvenal Rodríguez-Reséndiz & Miguel-Angel Martínez-Prado & Roberto V. Carrillo-Serrano & Suresh Thenozhi, 2020. "A Review of Battery Equalizer Circuits for Electric Vehicle Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-29, October.
    13. Xin, Yongrong & Ajaz, Tahseen & Shahzad, Mohsin & Luo, Jia, 2023. "How productive capacities influence trade-adjusted resources consumption in China: Testing resource-based EKC," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    14. da Silva, Samuel Filgueira & Eckert, Jony Javorski & Corrêa, Fernanda Cristina & Silva, Fabrício Leonardo & Silva, Ludmila C.A. & Dedini, Franco Giuseppe, 2022. "Dual HESS electric vehicle powertrain design and fuzzy control based on multi-objective optimization to increase driving range and battery life cycle," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).
    15. Emodi, Nnaemeka Vincent & Inekwe, John Nkwoma & Zakari, Abdulrasheed, 2022. "Transport infrastructure, CO2 emissions, mortality, and life expectancy in the Global South," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 243-253.
    16. Wang, Hanjie & Yu, Xiaohua, 2023. "Carbon dioxide emission typology and policy implications: Evidence from machine learning," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    17. Muhammad Zubair & Shuyan Chen & Yongfeng Ma & Xiaojian Hu, 2023. "A Systematic Review on Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Emission Measurement Methods under PRISMA Guidelines: Transportation Sustainability and Development Programs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-19, March.
    18. Matteo Prussi & Lorenzo Laveneziana & Lorenzo Testa & David Chiaramonti, 2022. "Comparing e-Fuels and Electrification for Decarbonization of Heavy-Duty Transports," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-17, October.
    19. Thomas Hagedorn & Jan Wessel, 2022. "How Information on Emissions per Euro Spent can Influence Leisure Travel Decisions," Working Papers 35, Institute of Transport Economics, University of Muenster.
    20. Shafiei, Ehsan & Davidsdottir, Brynhildur & Leaver, Jonathan & Stefansson, Hlynur & Asgeirsson, Eyjolfur Ingi, 2015. "Comparative analysis of hydrogen, biofuels and electricity transitional pathways to sustainable transport in a renewable-based energy system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 614-627.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Electrification; Heavy duty truck; Charging Station; Battery Electric Truck;
    All these keywords.

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:zbw:fisisi:s012023. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/isfhgde.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.