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La monnaie morale en Afrique subsaharienne ? Garantir l'éthique pour favoriser l'investissement durable

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  • Kohnert, Dirk

Abstract

L'argent dirige le monde. L'importance de l'argent est toutefois bien plus grande que ne le laissent entendre la théorie économique conventionnelle et ses équations héroïques. Les gens ont inventé leurs propres formes de monnaie, ils ont utilisé l'argent d'une manière qui laisse les théoriciens du marché perplexes, ils ont intégré l'argent dans les relations amicales et familiales et ont modifié le processus de dépense et d'épargne. Les individus, les familles, les gouvernements et les entreprises ont donné à l'argent une signification sociale dont les économistes ne pouvaient même pas rêver auparavant. Il y a un siècle déjà, Georg Simmel faisait référence dans sa Philosophie de l'argent à différents systèmes d'échange de biens et de services qui permettaient l'existence de systèmes de valeurs incomparables (terre, nourriture, honneur, amour, etc.), censés permettre la liberté personnelle. Plus récemment, Ariel Wilkis a fait dialoguer la sociologie du pouvoir de Pierre Bourdieu avec la sociologie de l'argent de Viviana Zelizer. Il a montré que l'argent est un symbole décisif par lequel se négocient non seulement les possessions matérielles, mais aussi les liens politiques, économiques, de classe, de genre et de génération entre les individus. La menace croissante du terrorisme international a fait prendre conscience que son existence est en soi un fait économique, puisqu'il est financé de différentes manières. Le Sommet africain sur l'argent moral, qui doit se tenir à Johannesburg, en Afrique du Sud, en novembre 2023, vise à libérer des capitaux afin de promouvoir une croissance durable en Afrique subsaharienne (ASS). Cela n'a que trop tardé si l'on considère que les multinationales en ASS polluent l'environnement depuis des décennies et que la corruption, le blanchiment d'argent, les investissements dans les diamants de la guerre, le trafic d'armes et de drogues sont très répandus. L'objectif du sommet est de répondre à des questions telles que : Quel rôle l'Afrique peut-elle jouer dans le dilemme mondial de la décarbonisation ? Comment garantir l'éthique dans les chaînes d'approvisionnement en matières premières ? Comment les investisseurs éthiques peuvent-ils éviter d'investir dans des placements dans des sociétés aux activités amorales, telles que les "diamants du sang", le trafic d'armes et de drogues ? Compte tenu du pouvoir intact des multinationales et des gestionnaires d'investissement, le résultat de tels sommets est toutefois discutable. Des analyses comparatives de la prise de conscience et des cadres ESG dans les pays africains anglophones, francophones et lusophones révèlent des différences significatives. Les trois gestionnaires d'actifs mondiaux les plus puissants, BlackRock, Vanguard et State Street, font encore preuve de "retenue rationnelle", en particulier en ce qui concerne l'activisme en matière de rendement soutenu propre à l'entreprise. Ils peuvent également utiliser leur pouvoir pour s'engager dans une "hypocrisie rationnelle", similaire à l'écoblanchiment.

Suggested Citation

  • Kohnert, Dirk, 2023. "La monnaie morale en Afrique subsaharienne ? Garantir l'éthique pour favoriser l'investissement durable," EconStor Preprints 300927, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:esprep:300927
    DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8089282
    Note: French version of: Kohnert, Dirk (2024): Moral Money in Sub-Saharan Africa? On ensuring ethics to drive sustainable investment
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Jiang, Ping-Chuan, 2024. "National ESG index update: An assessment of the G20 countries," Innovation and Green Development, Elsevier, vol. 3(2).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Banque éthique; ESG; Institutions financières internationales; entrepreneur de moral; banques commerciales; Afrique subsaharienne; post-colonialisme; secteur informel;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • B55 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - Current Heterodox Approaches - - - Social Economics
    • D25 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Intertemporal Firm Choice: Investment, Capacity, and Financing
    • D64 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Altruism; Philanthropy; Intergenerational Transfers
    • E26 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Informal Economy; Underground Economy
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • F54 - International Economics - - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy - - - Colonialism; Imperialism; Postcolonialism
    • L26 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Entrepreneurship
    • N27 - Economic History - - Financial Markets and Institutions - - - Africa; Oceania
    • O55 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Africa
    • P16 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Capitalist Economies - - - Capitalist Institutions; Welfare State

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