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The Role of Unemployment in the ESG Model at World Level

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  • Leogrande, Angelo
  • Leogrande, Domenico
  • Costantiello, Alberto

Abstract

In this article, we investigate the role of Unemployment-U in the context of Environmental, Social and Governance-ESG model at World Level. We use data from 193 countries in the period 2011-2021. We apply Panel Data with Random Effects, Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Pooled Ordinary Least Squares-OLS, and Weighted Least Squares-WLS. We found that among other the level of U is positively associated, among others, to “GHG Net Emissions” and “Government Effectiveness”, and negatively associated among others, to “Maximum 5 Day Rainfall” and “Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism”. Furthermore, we confront eight different machine-learning algorithms to predict the future value of U. We found that the best predictive algorithm in terms of maximization of R-squared and minimization of MAE, MSE, and RMSE is the Linear Regression. The value of U is expected to growth of 1.51% on average for the analysed countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Leogrande, Angelo & Leogrande, Domenico & Costantiello, Alberto, 2023. "The Role of Unemployment in the ESG Model at World Level," MPRA Paper 117845, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:117845
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Leogrande, Angelo & Costantiello, Alberto, 2023. "The Role of GDP Growth in the ESG Approach at World Level," SocArXiv 93sn2, Center for Open Science.
    2. Angelo Leogrande & Alberto Costantiello, 2023. "The Labor Force Participation Rate in the Context of ESG Models at World Level," Working Papers hal-04114330, HAL.
    3. Costantiello, Alberto & Leogrande, Angelo, 2023. "The Determinants of CO2 Emissions in the Context of ESG Models at World Level," MPRA Paper 117110, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Reon Matemane & Tankiso Moloi & Michael Adelowotan, 2022. "Appraising Executive Compensation ESG-Based Indicators Using Analytical Hierarchical Process and Delphi Techniques," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-19, October.
    5. Costantiello, Alberto & Leogrande, Angelo, 2023. "The Role of Political Stability in the Context of ESG Models at World Level," MPRA Paper 116887, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. repec:zbw:bofitp:2022_005 is not listed on IDEAS
    7. Leogrande, Angelo & Costantiello, Alberto, 2023. "The Impact of Government Expenditure on Education in the ESG Models at World Level," MPRA Paper 117216, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Maria Baldini & Lorenzo Dal Maso & Giovanni Liberatore & Francesco Mazzi & Simone Terzani, 2018. "Role of Country- and Firm-Level Determinants in Environmental, Social, and Governance Disclosure," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 150(1), pages 79-98, June.
    9. Newton, David P. & Ongena, Steven & Xie, Ru & Zhao, Binru, 2022. "Banks vs. markets: Are banks more effective in facilitating sustainability?," BOFIT Discussion Papers 5/2022, Bank of Finland Institute for Emerging Economies (BOFIT).
    10. Amina Buallay & Reem Hamdan & Elisabetta Barone & Allam Hamdan, 2022. "Increasing female participation on boards: Effects on sustainability reporting," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(1), pages 111-124, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Analysis of Collective Decision-Making; General; Political Processes: Rent-Seeking; Lobbying; Elections; Legislatures; and Voting Behaviour; Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption; Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation; Implementation.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D7 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making
    • D70 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - General
    • D72 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
    • D73 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption
    • D78 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation

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