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Knowledge subsystem

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  • Karbowski, Adam

Abstract

The aim of this chapter is to conduct the empirical study of the institutional setup of the knowledge subsystem in Central Eastern and Western Europe. Based on the data provided by OECD, Eurostat, ECB and World Bank, the list of innovation, R&D and education indicators has been prepared and used for the purpose of empirical analysis. Based on the subspace clustering method (the ORCLUS algorithm) and the selected set of institutional indicators, the following clusters have been identified. Cluster 1 or “stuck in the middle” comprises two countries, i.e. Slovenia and Italy. Cluster 2, dubbed “aspiring”, encompasses thirteen EU economies including all but one CEE countries as well as Greece, Portugal and Spain. Cluster 3 is made up of ‘developed patent oriented’ economies (Germany, Austria, Denmark, the Netherlands, Sweden and Finland). Cluster 4 – ‘developed innovation oriented’ economies – was found to include four countries, i.e. United Kingdom, Ireland, France and Belgium. We identified two basic types of knowledge subsystems. The first is a developed knowledge subsystem with two variants (oriented at patenting and traineeships, represented e.g. in Germany, or oriented at industry and services’ innovation and tertiary education, to be found e.g. in the UK). The second type is a developing knowledge subsystem with two variants (average in terms of patenting with a relatively strong traineeship program, such as e.g. in Slovenia, or relatively weak in all measures, seen e.g. in Bulgaria).

Suggested Citation

  • Karbowski, Adam, 2019. "Knowledge subsystem," EconStor Preprints 201653, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:esprep:201653
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    JEL classification:

    • O3 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights
    • P1 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Capitalist Economies

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