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Das Wissenschaftsverständnis der Volkswirtschaftslehre in der Kritik: Implikationen für die Vision einer pluralen Ökonomik

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  • Reinke, Rouven

Abstract

[Einleitung] Kritik an der Volkswirtschaftslehre (VWL) scheint beginnend mit Karl Marx und John Maynard Keynes zu einem konstanten Begleiter der ökonomischen Disziplin zu gehören. Während diese Kritik im deutschsprachigen Raum im Zuge der gesellschaftspolitischen Öffnung der Universitäten durch heterodoxe Besetzungen von Lehrstühlen zumindest temporär Widerhall gefunden hat, ist seitdem eine in immer stärker werdende Dominanz des Mainstreams in Forschung und Lehre und eine gleichzeitige Marginalisierung kritischer Ansätze zu beobachten (Vgl. hier z.B. Heise et al. 2017) Zwar sind mit der Arbeitsgruppe Alternative Wirtschaftspolitik ("Memo-Gruppe") und dem Arbeitskreis "Politische Ökonomie" (AK PolÖK) institutionelle Sprachrohre einer heterodoxen Ökonomik entstanden, ein sicht- und hörbares Gegengewicht zum Mainstream1 konnte sich dadurch allerdings nicht etablieren. Erst durch die "post-autistische" Bewegung französischer Studierender und Nachwuchswissenschaftler zu Beginn der 2000er-Jahre scheint die Debatte um den Zustand der VWL neuen Schwung erhalten zu haben. Auch im deutschsprachigen Raum hat die kritische Auseinandersetzung mit dem ökonomischen Mainstream in Form des "Netzwerk Plurale Ökonomik" einen neuen institutionellen Raum gefunden. Dabei richtet sich die Kritik des Netzwerkes insbesondere gegen die Dominanz des neoklassischen Mainstreams. Damit ist allerdings auch eine dezidierte Forderung nach einer Neugestaltung der Disziplin verbunden. So wird neben einem theoretischen und methodischen Pluralismus auch eine stärke Integration interdisziplinärer Ansätze in die Lehre sowie eine didaktische Modernisierung mit reflexiven und wissenschaftstheoretischen Elementen gefordert (Vgl. International Student Initiative for Pluralism in Economics 2014; Netzwerk Plurale Ökonomik 2012, 2020). Von heterodoxen Ökonomen ist in der kritischen Debatte zur Verfasstheit der ökonomischen Disziplin auf der einen Seite eine grundsätzliche Ablehnung der gesamten Standardökonomik sowie die damit einhergehende Notwendigkeit einer wissenschaftlichen Revolution im Sinne Thomas Kuhns (Vgl. Davidson 2004) zu vernehmen. Auf der anderen Seite wird die Forderung nach einem paradigmatischen Pluralismus vorgetragen, der die Konkurrenz inkompatibler und inkommensurabler Forschungsprogramme (Lakatos 1974a, 1974b) bzw. Denkstile (Fleck 1980) explizit beinhaltet (Vgl. Dobusch und Kapeller 2012; Heise 2018). [...]

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  • Reinke, Rouven, 2020. "Das Wissenschaftsverständnis der Volkswirtschaftslehre in der Kritik: Implikationen für die Vision einer pluralen Ökonomik," ZÖSS-Discussion Papers 79, University of Hamburg, Centre for Economic and Sociological Studies (CESS/ZÖSS).
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:cessdp:79
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