IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/wiw/wiwrsa/ersa12p213.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Are social exclusion and poverty measures interrelated? A study with Spanish data

Author

Listed:
  • José L. Calvo
  • Cristina Sánchez
  • Pedro Cortiñas

Abstract

One of the targets of Europe’s growth strategy (Europe 2020) is “reduction of poverty by aiming to lift at least 20 million people out of the risk of poverty or social exclusion†. Since poverty is a multidimensional concept, EUROSTAT proposes three indicators to calculate it: people at risk-of-poverty after social transfers (persons are at risk of poverty if their equivalent disposable income is below the risk-of-poverty threshold, which is set at 60 % of the national median after social transfers); severely materially deprived people (severely materially deprived persons have living conditions greatly constrained by a lack of resources and cannot afford at least four of the following: to pay rent or utility bills; to keep their home adequately warm; to pay unexpected expenses; to eat meat, fish or a protein equivalent every second day; a week holiday away from home; a car; a washing machine; a colour TV; or a telephone) and people living in households with very low work intensity (persons are defined as living in households with very low work intensity if they are aged 0-59 and the working age members in the household worked less than 20 % of their potential during the past year.). We concentrate on the first two indicators and analyze the relationships between them using the Spanish Survey on Living Conditions 2010. Following EUROSTAT methodology we found that 2,590,148 Spanish households can be considered poor and 504,227 are deprived. But only 262,280 are, at the same time, poor and deprived. In order to improve deprivation index we substitute EUROSTAT methodology by Fuzzy method but results do not get better. Additionally, we test both deprivation indicators with households’ income distribution (percentiles) and find very significant inconsistencies: some deprived families belong to the highest income percentiles and some variables used to work out the indexes have sample problems. The main conclusion of the article is that in order to calculate a poverty multidimensional index we should take into account that social exclusion variables and indexes have to be analyzed very carefully before using them to classify people as deprived, at least in the Spanish case. Key words: deprivation, poverty, index JEL code: I32

Suggested Citation

  • José L. Calvo & Cristina Sánchez & Pedro Cortiñas, 2012. "Are social exclusion and poverty measures interrelated? A study with Spanish data," ERSA conference papers ersa12p213, European Regional Science Association.
  • Handle: RePEc:wiw:wiwrsa:ersa12p213
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www-sre.wu.ac.at/ersa/ersaconfs/ersa12/ersa12acfinal00215.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Walter Bossert & Conchita D'Ambrosio & Vito Peragine, 2007. "Deprivation and Social Exclusion," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 74(296), pages 777-803, November.
    2. Amelia Bastos & Graca Leao Fernandes, & Jose Passos, 2004. "Child income poverty and child deprivation: an essay on measurement," International Journal of Social Economics, Emerald Group Publishing, vol. 31(11/12), pages 1050-1060, October.
    3. Sara Ayllón & Magda Mercader & Xavier Ramos, 2004. "Caracterización de la privación y de la pobreza en Catalunya," Working Papers wpdea0410, Department of Applied Economics at Universitat Autonoma of Barcelona.
    4. Amélia Bastos & Carla Machado, 2009. "Child poverty: a multidimensional measurement," International Journal of Social Economics, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 36(3), pages 237-251, February.
    5. Ambra Poggi, 2007. "Does persistence of social exclusion exist in Spain?," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 5(1), pages 53-72, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ambra Poggi & Xavier Ramos, 2007. "Empirical Modeling of Deprivation Contagion Among Social Exclusion Dimensions (Using MCMC Methods)," LABORatorio R. Revelli Working Papers Series 59, LABORatorio R. Revelli, Centre for Employment Studies.
    2. Fotis Papadopoulos & Panos Tsakloglou, 2015. "Chronic material deprivation and long-term poverty in Europe in the pre-crisis period," ImPRovE Working Papers 15/16, Herman Deleeck Centre for Social Policy, University of Antwerp.
    3. Khadija Loudghiri & Abdesselam Fazouane & Nouzha Zaoujal, 2021. "The Well-Being of Children in Morocco: What Barriers?," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 14(6), pages 2285-2324, December.
    4. Fernandes, Liliana & Mendes, Américo & Teixeira, Aurora, 2013. "Assessing child well-being through a new multidimensional child-based weighting scheme index: An empirical estimation for Portugal," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 155-174.
    5. Liliana Fernandes & Américo Mendes & Aurora Teixeira, 2013. "A Weighted Multidimensional Index of Child Well-Being Which Incorporates Children’s Individual Perceptions," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 114(3), pages 803-829, December.
    6. Roberto Dell'Anno & Adalgiso Amendola, 2015. "Social Exclusion and Economic Growth: An Empirical Investigation in European Economies," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 61(2), pages 274-301, June.
    7. Liliana Fernandes & Américo Mendes & Aurora Teixeira, 2012. "A Review Essay on the Measurement of Child Well-Being," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 106(2), pages 239-257, April.
    8. Liliana Fernandes & Américo Mendes & Aurora Teixeira, 2010. "A review essay on child well-being measurement: uncovering the paths for future research," Working Papers de Economia (Economics Working Papers) 02, Católica Porto Business School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa.
    9. Francesco Devicienti & Ambra Poggi, 2011. "Poverty and social exclusion: two sides of the same coin or dynamically interrelated processes?," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(25), pages 3549-3571.
    10. Antonella D’Agostino & Caterina Giusti & Antoanneta Potsi, 2018. "Gender and Children’s Wellbeing: Four Mediterranean Countries in Perspective," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 11(5), pages 1649-1676, October.
    11. Byegon, Isaiah Kiprono & Kabubo-Mariara, Jane & Wambugu, Anthony, 2021. "Incidence, Depth and Severity of Multiple Child Deprivations in Kenya," African Journal of Economic Review, African Journal of Economic Review, vol. 9(1), January.
    12. Birhanu, Mulugeta Y. & Ambaw, Birhanu & Mulu, Yohannis, 2017. "Dynamics of multidimensional child poverty and its triggers: Evidence from Ethiopia using Multilevel Mixed Effect Model," MPRA Paper 79377, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    13. Akinwumi Sharimakin & Rasheed O. Alao & Oluseyi Omosuyi, 2024. "Foreign remittances, deprivation and patriotism," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 58(1), pages 753-780, February.
    14. Maite Blázquez & Elena Cottini & Ainhoa Herrarte, 2014. "The socioeconomic gradient in health: how important is material deprivation?," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 12(2), pages 239-264, June.
    15. Maite Blázquez Cuesta & Santiago Budría, 2014. "Deprivation and Subjective Well-Being: Evidence from Panel Data," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 60(4), pages 655-682, December.
    16. Tomasz Panek & Jan Zwierzchowski, 2022. "Examining the Degree of Social Exclusion Risk of the Population Aged 50 + in the EU Countries Under the Capability Approach," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 163(3), pages 973-1002, October.
    17. Sommarat Chantarat & Christopher Barrett, 2012. "Social network capital, economic mobility and poverty traps," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 10(3), pages 299-342, September.
    18. Bruno, Bosco & Ambra, Poggi, 2016. "Government effectiveness, middle class and poverty in the EU: A dynamic multilevel analysis," Working Papers 344, University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Economics, revised 27 Jun 2016.
    19. Maite Blázquez Cuesta & Elena Cottini & Herrarte, A. (Ainhoa), 2012. "GINI DP 39: Socioeconomic Gradient in Health: How Important is Material Deprivation?," GINI Discussion Papers 39, AIAS, Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Labour Studies.
    20. Elena Bárcena-Martín & Maite Blázquez & Santiago Budría & Ana I. Moro-Egido, 2017. "Child and Household Deprivation: A Relationship Beyond Household Socio-demographic Characteristics," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 132(3), pages 1079-1098, July.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    deprivation; poverty; index jel code: i32;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I32 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:wiw:wiwrsa:ersa12p213. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Gunther Maier (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.ersa.org .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.