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The adding up problem

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  • Balassa, Bela

Abstract

This paper presents empirical evidence pertaining to the"adding up problem"and the"fallacy of composition". It is shown that, rather than market constraint in the developed countries, export growth in the developing countries is largely determined by supply factors. Thus, the deceleration of economic growth in the developed countries after 1973 was accompanied by an acceleration of the growth of the exports of the developing countries. The findings of this paper have important policy implications. They support the views of those who advocate the application of outward-oriented policies in developing countries. This conclusion is strengthened if consideration is given to the possibilities of increased trade among the developing countries themselves. Finally, outward orientation promotes efficient import substitution through the reform of the system of incentives.

Suggested Citation

  • Balassa, Bela, 1988. "The adding up problem," Policy Research Working Paper Series 30, The World Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:30
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lewis, W Arthur, 1980. "The Slowing Down of the Engine of Growth," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 70(4), pages 555-564, September.
    2. Riedel, James, 1984. "Trade as the Engine of Growth in Developing Countries, Revisited," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 94(373), pages 56-73, March.
    3. Cline, William R., 1982. "Can the East Asian model of development be generalized?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 10(2), pages 81-90, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Park, Jun-ki & Ryu, Deockhyun & Lee, Keun, 2019. "What determines the economic size of a nation in the world: Determinants of a nation’s share in world GDP vs. per capita GDP," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 203-214.
    2. Arslan Razmi & Robert Blecker, 2008. "Developing Country Exports of Manufactures: Moving Up the Ladder to Escape the Fallacy of Composition?," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(1), pages 21-48.
    3. Arslan Razmi, 2006. "Pursuing Manufacturing-BasedExport-Led Growth: Are Developing Countries Increasingly Crowding Each Other Out?," UMASS Amherst Economics Working Papers 2006-05, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Department of Economics.
    4. Razmi, Arslan, 2007. "Pursuing manufacturing-based export-led growth: Are developing countries increasingly crowding each other out?," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 18(4), pages 460-482, December.
    5. Keun Lee & Sanika Sulochani Ramanayake, 2018. "Adding-Up Problem and Wage–Productivity Gap in Exports of Developing Countries: A Source of the Middle-Income Trap," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 30(5), pages 769-788, December.

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