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Forecasting Mixed Frequency Time Series with ECM-MIDAS Models

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  • Hecq, A.W.

    (Quantitative Economics)

  • Götz, T.B.

    (Quantitative Economics)

  • Urbain, J.R.Y.J.

    (Quantitative Economics)

Abstract

This paper proposes a mixed-frequency error-correction model in order to develop a regressionapproach for non-stationary variables sampled at different frequencies that are possiblycointegrated. We show that, at the model representation level, the choice of the timing betweenthe low-frequency ependent and the high-frequency explanatory variables to be included in thelong-run has an impact on the remaining dynamics and on the forecasting properties. Then, wecompare in a set of Monte Carlo experiments the forecasting performances of the low-frequencyaggregated model and several mixed-frequency regressions. In particular, we look at both theunrestricted mixed-frequency model and at a more parsimonious MIDAS regression. Whilst theexisting literature has only investigated the potential improvements of the MIDAS framework forstationary time series, our study emphasizes the need to include the relevant cointegratingvectors in the non-stationary case. Furthermore, it is illustrated that the exact timing of thelong-run relationship does notmatter as long as the short-run dynamics are adapted according to the composition of thedisequilibrium error. Finally, the unrestricted model is shown to suffer from parameterproliferation for small sample sizeswhereas MIDAS forecasts are robust to over-parameterization. Hence, the data-driven,low-dimensional and flexible weighting structure makes MIDAS a robust and parsimonious method tofollow when the true underlying DGP is unknown while still exploiting information present in thehigh-frequency. An empirical application illustrates the theoretical and the Monte Carlo results.
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Suggested Citation

  • Hecq, A.W. & Götz, T.B. & Urbain, J.R.Y.J., 2012. "Forecasting Mixed Frequency Time Series with ECM-MIDAS Models," Research Memorandum 012, Maastricht University, Maastricht Research School of Economics of Technology and Organization (METEOR).
    • Handle: RePEc:unm:umamet:2012012
    DOI: 10.26481/umamet.2012012
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    1. Hecq, A.W. & Götz, T.B. & Urbain, J.R.Y.J., 2012. "Real-time forecast density combinations (forecasting US GDP growth using mixed-frequency data)," Research Memorandum 021, Maastricht University, Maastricht Research School of Economics of Technology and Organization (METEOR).
    2. Peter Fuleky & Carl Bonham, 2010. "Forecasting Based on Common Trends in Mixed Frequency Samples," Working Papers 2010-17R1, University of Hawaii Economic Research Organization, University of Hawaii at Manoa, revised Jul 2013.
    3. Eric Ghysels & J. Isaac Miller, 2014. "On the Size Distortion from Linearly Interpolating Low-frequency Series for Cointegration Tests," Advances in Econometrics, in: Essays in Honor of Peter C. B. Phillips, volume 14, pages 93-122, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
    4. Yunxu Wang & Chi-Wei Su & Yuchen Zhang & Oana-Ramona Lobonţ & Qin Meng, 2023. "Effectiveness of Principal-Component-Based Mixed-Frequency Error Correction Model in Predicting Gross Domestic Product," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-14, September.
    5. Peter Fuleky & Carl, 2013. "Forecasting with Mixed Frequency Samples: The Case of Common Trends," Working Papers 2013-5, University of Hawaii Economic Research Organization, University of Hawaii at Manoa.
    6. Thomas B. Götz & Alain W. Hecq, 2019. "Granger Causality Testing in Mixed‐Frequency VARs with Possibly (Co)Integrated Processes," Journal of Time Series Analysis, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(6), pages 914-935, November.
    7. Adeniji Sesan Oluseyi & Timilehin John Olasehinde & Gamaliel O. Eweke, 2017. "The Impact of Money Supply on Nigeria Economy: A Comparison of Mixed Data Sampling (MIDAS) and ARDL Approach," EuroEconomica, Danubius University of Galati, issue 2(36), pages 123-134, November.
    8. Marçal, Emerson Fernandes & Zimmermann, Beatrice Aline & Mendonça, Diogo de Prince & Merlin, Giovanni Tondin, 2015. "Does mixed frequency vector error correction model add relevant information to exchange misalignment calculus? Evidence for United States," Textos para discussão 385, FGV EESP - Escola de Economia de São Paulo, Fundação Getulio Vargas (Brazil).
    9. J. Isaac Miller, 2014. "Mixed-frequency Cointegrating Regressions with Parsimonious Distributed Lag Structures," Journal of Financial Econometrics, Oxford University Press, vol. 12(3), pages 584-614.
    10. Götz, Thomas B. & Hecq, Alain & Smeekes, Stephan, 2016. "Testing for Granger causality in large mixed-frequency VARs," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 193(2), pages 418-432.
    11. Havranek, Tomas & Zeynalov, Ayaz, 2018. "Forecasting Tourist Arrivals with Google Trends and Mixed Frequency Data," EconStor Preprints 187420, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    12. Hassani, Hossein & Rua, António & Silva, Emmanuel Sirimal & Thomakos, Dimitrios, 2019. "Monthly forecasting of GDP with mixed-frequency multivariate singular spectrum analysis," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 35(4), pages 1263-1272.
    13. Tomas Havranek & Ayaz Zeynalov, 2021. "Forecasting tourist arrivals: Google Trends meets mixed-frequency data," Tourism Economics, , vol. 27(1), pages 129-148, February.
    14. Warmedinger, Thomas & Paredes, Joan & Asimakopoulos, Stylianos, 2013. "Forecasting fiscal time series using mixed frequency data," Working Paper Series 1550, European Central Bank.
    15. Miller, J. Isaac, 2018. "Simple robust tests for the specification of high-frequency predictors of a low-frequency series," Econometrics and Statistics, Elsevier, vol. 5(C), pages 45-66.
    16. Kurz-Kim, Jeong-Ryeol, 2018. "A note on the predictive power of survey data in nowcasting euro area GDP," Discussion Papers 10/2018, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    17. Götz, Thomas B. & Hauzenberger, Klemens, 2018. "Large mixed-frequency VARs with a parsimonious time-varying parameter structure," Discussion Papers 40/2018, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    18. Götz, Thomas B. & Hecq, Alain & Urbain, Jean-Pierre, 2016. "Combining forecasts from successive data vintages: An application to U.S. growth," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 61-74.
    19. Thomas B. Götz & Alain Hecq & Jean-Pierre Urbain, 2013. "Testing for Common Cycles in Non-Stationary VARs with Varied Frequency Data," Advances in Econometrics, in: VAR Models in Macroeconomics – New Developments and Applications: Essays in Honor of Christopher A. Sims, volume 32, pages 361-393, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
    20. Mahmut Gunay, 2020. "Nowcasting Turkish GDP with MIDAS: Role of Functional Form of the Lag Polynomial," Working Papers 2002, Research and Monetary Policy Department, Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey.

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