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Amazon Green Recovery and Labor Market in Brazil: Can Green Spending Reduce Gender and Race Inequalities?

Author

Listed:
  • Pedro Romero Marques
  • Luiza Nassif Pires
  • Tainari Taioka
  • Jose Bergamin
  • Gilberto Tadeu Lima

Abstract

Announced in June 2021, the never-implemented Green Recovery Plan for the Brazilian Legal Amazon Region (GRP) would be a green transition initiative to be carried out by the state governments of the region. The GRP represented the first large-scale proposal aiming at the transition to a low-carbon economy in Brazil and offered a preliminary framework to evaluate the opportunities and limitations of green development in Global South economies. The GRP's initial phase would provide an investment of 1.5 billion reais (around $315 million in September 2023) in four areas: control of illegal deforestation, sustainable development, green technology, and green infrastructure. This article presents a counterfactual analysis by assessing the impacts of green spending in Amazon on the labor market, quantitatively—in terms of the number of jobs created—and qualitatively—exploring the distribution of those jobs by region and according to gender and race categories. We build synthetic sectors representing each area of investment in a two-region input-output matrix (“Brazilian Amazon†and “Rest of Brazil†). Using employment multipliers, we simulate a demand shock on the Amazonian economy and its impact on job creation in the two regions. Results suggest that green spending in the Amazon offers good perspectives (but also highlights limitations) for a just transition to a low-carbon economy in Brazil: the effects on employment favored the female workforce (both black and white) relative to the male and black workforce in the Amazon, leading to inequality-reducing composition changes in the Brazilian workforce as whole.

Suggested Citation

  • Pedro Romero Marques & Luiza Nassif Pires & Tainari Taioka & Jose Bergamin & Gilberto Tadeu Lima, 2024. "Amazon Green Recovery and Labor Market in Brazil: Can Green Spending Reduce Gender and Race Inequalities?," Working Papers, Department of Economics 2024_09, University of São Paulo (FEA-USP).
    • Handle: RePEc:spa:wpaper:2024wpecon9
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Edward B. Barbier, 2020. "Greening the Post-pandemic Recovery in the G20," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 76(4), pages 685-703, August.
    2. Rania Antonopoulos & Kijong Kim & Tom Masterson & Ajit Zacharias, 2010. "Investing in Care: A Strategy for Effective and Equitable Job Creation," Economics Working Paper Archive wp_610, Levy Economics Institute.
    3. McCauley, Darren & Heffron, Raphael, 2018. "Just transition: Integrating climate, energy and environmental justice," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 1-7.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Green and just transition; Brazilian Amazon; employment multipliers; green spending;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J15 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
    • Q57 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Ecological Economics
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy
    • R11 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
    • R53 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Regional Government Analysis - - - Public Facility Location Analysis; Public Investment and Capital Stock
    • R58 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Regional Government Analysis - - - Regional Development Planning and Policy

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