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E' la Riforma Dini Politicamente Sostenibile?

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Le riforme del sistema pensionistico italiano contenute nei provvedimenti Amato-Dini si sono poste l'obiettivo del contenimento della crescita della spesa pensionistica mediante: i) il passaggio al metodo contributivo per il calcolo dei benefici pensionistici, ii) la riduzione degli incentivi al pensionamento anticipato, iii) l'aumento dell'eta' pensionabile, e iv) l'indicizzazione delle pensioni ai prezzi piuttosto che ai salari. In questo lavoro proponiamo una valutazione della sostenibilita' politica del sistema previdenziale italiano delineato dalle riforme Amato-Dini a pieno regime. A tale scopo utilizziamo un modello di equilibrio economico generale calibrato in modo da riprodurre gli aspetti demografici, economici e politici, ed il sistema pensionistico italiano pre e post riforme. La simulazione di tale modello ci permette di calcolare l'aliquota di equilibrio del sistema post riforme a pieno regime (anno 2050) preferita dalla maggioranza degli elettori, sulla base delle caratteristiche strutturali dell'economia e in funzione di diversi possibili scenari riguardanti l'eta di pensionamento, nonche' l'aliquota che sarebbe prevalsa nell'equilibrio politico in assenza delle suddette riforme. Due aspetti dell'invecchiamento della popolazione sono cruciali per la nostra analisi: i) l'aumento del rapporto di dipendenza, che riduce la redditivita' del sistema pensionistico, e ii)l'incremento del peso politico degli elettori anziani. I risultati delle simulazioni indicano che -affinche' il sistema previdenziale vigente sia politicamente sostenibile- l'aliquota contabile di equilibrio dovra passare da un media pari a 38% nel periodo 1982-91 al 48,9% nel 2050. Nel lungo periodo, il provvedimento piu' incisivo contenuto nelle riforme Amato-Dini per ridurre la spesa pensionistica e' costituito dall'incremento dell'eta di pensionamento. Il passaggio al computo dei benefici mediante il metodo contributivo ha esclusivamente effetti redistributivi, e l'eliminazione dell'indicizzazione ai salari induce la maggioranza degli elettori a preferire un incremento del rapporto di copertura calcolato al momento del pensionamento.

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  • Marcello D'Amato & Vincenzo Galasso, 2002. "E' la Riforma Dini Politicamente Sostenibile?," CELPE Discussion Papers 64, CELPE - CEnter for Labor and Political Economics, University of Salerno, Italy.
  • Handle: RePEc:sal:celpdp:64
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    1. Galasso, Vincenzo, 2000. "The US Social Security: A Financial Appraisal For The Median Voter," CEPR Discussion Papers 2456, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    2. Browning, Edgar K, 1975. "Why the Social Insurance Budget Is Too Large in a Democracy," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 13(3), pages 373-388, September.
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    4. Vincenzo Galasso, 1999. "The US Social Security System: What Does Political Sustainability Imply?," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 2(3), pages 698-730, July.
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