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Efecto de los bonos sobre el consumo de bienes durante la crisis económica de la pandemia de Covid 19

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  • Luis García Nuñez

    (Departamento de Economía de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú)

Abstract

La pandemia de Covid 19 afectó fuertemente a la economía y la sociedad peruana, una de las más afectadas del mundo. La recesión económica, la pérdida de empleos, el prolongado confinamiento estricto y la alta mortalidad, provocaron en el Perú una crisis económica sin precedentes. Los hogares peruanos se vieron fuertemente afectados por este entorno económico desfavorable, y tuvieron que organizarse internamente para acomodarse a la nueva realidad para poder subsistir. Los patrones de consumo se vieron notablemente afectados, produciéndose importantes variaciones en el consumo de bienes y servicios, que venían siendo muy estables en los años previos a la pandemia. Así, por ejemplo, el porcentaje del gasto destinado a alimentos, electrodomésticos, computadoras y otros equipos se incrementó, mientras que porcentaje del gasto familiar destinado a educación,salud, cultura, y esparcimiento se redujo. Para atenuar la crisis, los gobiernos de turno implementaron medidas como la entrega masiva de transferencias incondicionales de dinero a los hogares, llamados “bonos”. Utilizando la metodología de diferencias en diferencias, encontramos que, en el año 2020,los bonos tuvieron un efecto atenuador de la crisis, pero solo en algunos delos bienes analizados y, en general, no compensaron totalmente los cambios provocados por la pandemia. Palabras claves: Pandemia Covid19, gasto de los hogares, transferencias incondicionales de dinero, Perú JEL Classification-JE: D12, I38

Suggested Citation

  • Luis García Nuñez, 2024. "Efecto de los bonos sobre el consumo de bienes durante la crisis económica de la pandemia de Covid 19," Documentos de Trabajo / Working Papers 2024-540, Departamento de Economía - Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú.
    • Handle: RePEc:pcp:pucwps:wp00540
    DOI: 10.18800/2079-8474.0540
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Natalie Cox & Peter Ganong & Pascal Noel & Joseph Vavra & Arlene Wong & Diana Farrell & Fiona Greig & Erica Deadman, 2020. "Initial Impacts of the Pandemic on Consumer Behavior: Evidence from Linked Income, Spending, and Savings Data," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 51(2 (Summer), pages 35-82.
    2. Miguel Braun & Luciano di Gresia, 2003. "Towards Effective Social Insurance in Latin America: The Importance of Countercyclical Fiscal Policy," Research Department Publications 4333, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
    3. Rachael Beer & Felicia Ionescu & Geng Li, 2018. "Are Income and Credit Scores Highly Correlated?," FEDS Notes 2018-08-13-1, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    4. Miguel Braun & Luciano di Gresia, 2003. "Towards Effective Social Insurance in Latin America: The Importance of Countercyclical Fiscal Policy," Research Department Publications 4333, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • D12 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
    • I38 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Government Programs; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs

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