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El Consenso de Washington una revisión narrativa de su evidencia, impactos y transformaciones

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  • SALGUERO, RICARDO ALONZO FERNANDEZ

Abstract

El Consenso de Washington ha sido uno de los paradigmas de política económica más influyentes y controvertidos de finales del siglo XX. Concebido como un decálogo de reformas orientadas al mercado, su implementación generó un vasto cuerpo de literatura que evalúa sus impactos. Esta revisión narrativa cualitativa sintetiza la evidencia de 53 estudios académicos para ofrecer una visión panorámica de su legado. Se exploran sus orígenes y evolución, la evidencia empírica que lo asocia con mejoras en el crecimiento, y las críticas que lo vinculan con el aumento de la desigualdad y las crisis económicas. Finalmente, se analiza el surgimiento de narrativas post-consenso, argumentando que esta evolución, más que una ruptura, representa una adaptación estratégica del neoliberalismo. Los hallazgos revelan que, si bien la era de las soluciones universales ha terminado, el paradigma post-consenso a menudo recicla principios fundamentales bajo un nuevo lenguaje de inclusión y especificidad contextual, planteando nuevos desafíos para la búsqueda de alternativas de desarrollo genuinas.

Suggested Citation

  • Salguero, Ricardo Alonzo Fernandez, 2025. "El Consenso de Washington una revisión narrativa de su evidencia, impactos y transformaciones," SocArXiv krshu_v1, Center for Open Science.
  • Handle: RePEc:osf:socarx:krshu_v1
    DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/krshu_v1
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