Western TV and Crimes against Foreigners in East Germany
Author
Abstract
Following reunification, anti-foreigner crimes rose sharply in the former GDR. Using county-level data for the early 1990s, we study if regional access to Western TV, i.e. non-socialist media, prior to the fall of the Berlin Wall had an impact on regional levels of serious anti-foreigner crime (murder and arson) in East Germany. We find that East German counties with no access to Western TV exhibit higher rates of such crimes, as in the ’valley of the clueless’ around Dresden. This crime-attenuating effect of Western TV proves robust in a battery of robustness checks and underscores the importance of media for anti-foreigner attitudes and crimes well before the rise of the internet and social media.
Suggested Citation
Download full text from publisher
References listed on IDEAS
- Raphael, Steven & Winter-Ember, Rudolf, 2001.
"Identifying the Effect of Unemployment on Crime,"
Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 44(1), pages 259-283, April.
- Raphael, Steven & WINTER-EBMER, RUDOLF, 1998. "Identifying the Effect of Unemployment on Crime," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series qt5hb4h56g, Department of Economics, UC San Diego.
- Raphael, Steven & Winter-Ebmer, Rudolf, 1999. "Identifying the Effect of Unemployment on Crime," CEPR Discussion Papers 2129, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
- Endrich, Marek, 2020. "A Window to the World: The long-term effect of Television on Hate Crime," ILE Working Paper Series 33, University of Hamburg, Institute of Law and Economics.
- Cao, Andy & Lindo, Jason M. & Zhong, Jiee, 2023.
"Can social media rhetoric incite hate incidents? Evidence from Trump's “Chinese Virus” tweets,"
Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
- Andy Cao & Jason M. Lindo & Jiee Zhong, 2022. "Can Social Media Rhetoric Incite Hate Incidents? Evidence from Trump's "Chinese Virus" Tweets," NBER Working Papers 30588, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Hartmann, Sven A., 2024.
"Television and family demography: Evidence from a natural experiment in East Germany,"
Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
- Sven A. Hartmann, 2024. "Television and family demography: Evidence from a natural experiment in East Germany," IAAEU Discussion Papers 202407, Institute of Labour Law and Industrial Relations in the European Union (IAAEU).
- repec:sae:mrxval:v:31:y:1997:i:3:p:541-568 is not listed on IDEAS
- Desmond Ang, 2023. "The Birth of a Nation: Media and Racial Hate," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 113(6), pages 1424-1460, June.
- Kern, Holger Lutz & Hainmueller, Jens, 2009. "Opium for the Masses: How Foreign Media Can Stabilize Authoritarian Regimes," Political Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 17(4), pages 377-399.
- Akerlof, George, 1991.
"East Germany In From the Cold: • The Economic Aftermath of Currency Union,"
Institute for Policy Reform Working Paper Series
294662, Institute for Policy Reform.
- Akerlof, George, 1991. "East Germany In From the Cold: • The Economic Aftermath of Currency Union," Institute for Policy Reform Archive 294662, Institute for Policy Reform.
- Maja Adena & Ruben Enikolopov & Maria Petrova & Veronica Santarosa & Ekaterina Zhuravskaya, 2015.
"Radio and the Rise of The Nazis in Prewar Germany,"
The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 130(4), pages 1885-1939.
- Adena, Maja & Enikolopov, Ruben & Petrova, Maria & Santarosa, Veronica & Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina, 2013. "Radio and the rise of the Nazis in prewar Germany," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Economics of Change SP II 2013-310, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
- Maja Adena & Ruben Enikolopov & Maria Petrova & Veronica Santarosa & Ekaterina Zhuravskaya, 2015. "Radio and the Rise of The Nazis in Prewar Germany," PSE-Ecole d'économie de Paris (Postprint) halshs-01245557, HAL.
- Maja Adena & Ruben Enikolopov & Maria Petrova & Veronica Santarosa & Ekaterina Zhuravskaya, 2015. "Radio and the Rise of The Nazis in Prewar Germany," Post-Print halshs-01245557, HAL.
- Maja Adena & Ruben Enikolopov & Maria Petrova & Veronica Santarosa & Ekaterina Zhuravskaya, 2013. "Radio and the Rise of the Nazis in Prewar Germany," PSE Working Papers halshs-00858992, HAL.
- Adena, Maja & Enikolopov, Ruben & Petrova, Maria & Santarosa, Veronica & Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina, 2013. "Radio and the rise of Nazi in pre-war Germany," VfS Annual Conference 2013 (Duesseldorf): Competition Policy and Regulation in a Global Economic Order 79876, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
- Adena, Maja & Enikolopov, Ruben & Petrova, Maria & Santarosa, Veronica & Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina, 2015. "Radio and the rise of the Nazis in prewar Germany," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Economics of Change SP II 2013-310r, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
- Maja Adena & Ruben Enikolopov & Maria Petrova & Veronica Santarosa & Ekaterina Zhuravskaya, 2013. "Radio and the Rise of the Nazis in Prewar Germany," Working Papers halshs-00858992, HAL.
- Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina & Enikolopov, Ruben & Santarosa, Veronica Aoki & Petrova, Maria & Adena, Maja, 2013. "Radio and the Rise of the Nazis in Prewar Germany," CEPR Discussion Papers 9453, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
- Maja Adena & Ruben Enikolopov & Maria Petrova & Veronica Santarosa & Ekaterina Zhuravskaya, 2015. "Radio and the Rise of the Nazis in Prewar Germany," CESifo Working Paper Series 5330, CESifo.
- George A. Akerlof & Andrew K. Rose & Janet L. Yellen & Helga Hessenius, 1991. "East Germany in from the Cold: The Economic Aftermath of Currency Union," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 22(1), pages 1-106.
- Slavtchev, Viktor & Wyrwich, Michael, 2023. "The effects of TV content on entrepreneurship: Evidence from German unification," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(2), pages 696-721.
- Karsten Müller & Carlo Schwarz, 2023.
"From Hashtag to Hate Crime: Twitter and Antiminority Sentiment,"
American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association, vol. 15(3), pages 270-312, July.
- Müller, Karsten & Schwarz, Carlo, 2022. "From Hashtag to Hate Crime: Twitter and Anti-Minority Sentiment," CEPR Discussion Papers 17647, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
- repec:hal:pseose:halshs-01245557 is not listed on IDEAS
- David Yanagizawa-Drott, 2014.
"Propaganda and Conflict: Evidence from the Rwandan Genocide,"
The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 129(4), pages 1947-1994.
- Yanagizawa-Drott, David Hans, 2014. "Propaganda and Conflict: Evidence from the Rwandan Genocide," Scholarly Articles 13457754, Harvard Kennedy School of Government.
- Hyll, Walter & Schneider, Lutz, 2013.
"The causal effect of watching TV on material aspirations: Evidence from the “valley of the innocent”,"
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 37-51.
- Hyll, Walter & Schneider, Lutz, 2012. "The Causal Effect of Watching TV on Material Aspirations: Evidence from the “Valley of the Innocent”," IWH Discussion Papers 8/2012, Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH).
- Leonardo Bursztyn & Davide Cantoni, 2016.
"Tear in the Iron Curtain: The Impact of Western Television on Consumption Behavior,"
The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 98(1), pages 25-41, March.
- Bursztyn, Leonardo & Cantoni, Davide, 2012. "A Tear in the Iron Curtain: The Impact of Western Television on Consumption Behavior," Discussion Papers in Economics 13949, University of Munich, Department of Economics.
- Leonardo Bursztyn & Davide Cantoni, 2014. "A Tear in the Iron Curtain: The Impact of Western Television on Consumption Behavior," NBER Working Papers 20403, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Cantoni, Davide & Bursztyn, Leonardo, 2012. "A Tear in the Iron Curtain: The Impact of Western Television on Consumption Behavior," CEPR Discussion Papers 9101, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
- Karsten Müller & Carlo Schwarz, 2021.
"Fanning the Flames of Hate: Social Media and Hate Crime [Radio and the Rise of The Nazis in Prewar Germany],"
Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 19(4), pages 2131-2167.
- Müller, Karsten & Schwarz, Carlo, 2018. "Fanning the Flames of Hate: Social Media and Hate Crime," CAGE Online Working Paper Series 373, Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE).
- Armin Falk & Andreas Kuhn & Josef Zweimüller, 2011.
"Unemployment and Right‐wing Extremist Crime,"
Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 113, pages 260-285, June.
- Armin Falk & Josef Zweim�ller, "undated". "Unemployment and Right-Wing Extremist Crime," IEW - Working Papers 235, Institute for Empirical Research in Economics - University of Zurich.
- Falk, Armin & Zweimüller, Josef, 2005. "Unemployment and Right-Wing Extremist Crime," IZA Discussion Papers 1540, IZA Network @ LISER.
- Armin Falk & Andreas Kuhn & Josef Zweimüller, 2009. "Unemployment and Right-wing Extremist Crime," NRN working papers 2009-16, The Austrian Center for Labor Economics and the Analysis of the Welfare State, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria.
- Zweimüller, Josef & Falk, Armin, 2005. "Unemployment and Right-Wing Extremist Crime," CEPR Discussion Papers 4997, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
- Zweimüller, Josef & Falk, Armin & Kuhn, Andreas, 2009. "Unemployment and Right-wing Extremist Crime," CEPR Discussion Papers 7467, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
- Alan B. Krueger & Jörn-Steffen Pischke, 1997.
"A Statistical Analysis of Crime against Foreigners in Unified Germany,"
Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 32(1), pages 182-209.
- Alan B. Krueger & Jorn-Steffen Pischke, 1995. "A Statistical Analysis of Crime Against Foreigners in Unified Germany," Working papers 95-15, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Economics.
- Alan B. Krueger & Jorn-Steffen Pischke, 1996. "A Statistical Analysis of Crime Against Foreigners in Unified Germany," Working Papers 737, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Industrial Relations Section..
- Alan B. Krueger & Jorn-Steffen Pischke, 1996. "A Statistical Analysis of Crime Against Foreigners in Unified Germany," NBER Working Papers 5485, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Lars Hornuf & Marc Oliver Rieger & Sven A. Hartmann, 2023.
"Can television reduce xenophobia? The case of East Germany,"
Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 76(1), pages 77-100, February.
- Lars Hornuf & Marc Oliver Rieger & Sven A. Hartmann, 2017. "Can Television Reduce Xenophobia? The Case of East Germany," CESifo Working Paper Series 6632, CESifo.
- Ralsmark, Hilda, 2017. "Media visibility and social tolerance: Evidence from USA," Working Papers in Economics 703, University of Gothenburg, Department of Economics.
- Hennighausen, Tanja, 2015.
"Exposure to television and individual beliefs: Evidence from a natural experiment,"
Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 43(4), pages 956-980.
- Hennighausen, Tanja, 2012. "Exposure to television and individual beliefs: Evidence from a natural experiment," ZEW Discussion Papers 12-078, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
- Tanja Hennighausen, 2013. "Exposure to Television and Individual Beliefs: Evidence from a Natural Experiment," SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research 535, DIW Berlin, The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP).
- Nico Voigtländer & Hans-Joachim Voth, 2012.
"Persecution Perpetuated: The Medieval Origins of Anti-Semitic Violence in Nazi Germany,"
The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 127(3), pages 1339-1392.
- Nico Voigtländer & Joachim Voth, 2011. "Persecution perpetuated: The medieval origins of anti-semitic violence in Nazi Germany," Economics Working Papers 1269, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra.
- Voth, Hans-Joachim & Voigtländer, Nico, 2011. "Persecution Perpetuated: The Medieval Origins of Anti-Semitic Violence in Nazi Germany," CEPR Discussion Papers 8365, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
- Nico Voigtlaender & Hans-Joachim Voth, 2011. "Persecution Perpetuated: The Medieval Origins of Anti-Semitic Violence in Nazi Germany," NBER Working Papers 17113, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Nico Voigtländer & Hans-Joachim Voth, 2015. "Persecution Perpetuated: The Medieval Origins of Anti-Semitic Violence in Nazi Germany," Working Papers 551, Barcelona School of Economics.
Most related items
These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.- Omar Martin Fieles-Ahmad & Michael Kvasnica, 2026. "Western TV and Crimes against Foreigners in East Germany," FEMM Working Papers 26009, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Faculty of Economics and Management.
- Bernini, Andrea & Hartmann, Sven A., 2025.
"The effect of West German television on smoking and health: A natural experiment from German reunification,"
Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
- Andrea Bernini & Sven A. Hartmann, 2025. "The Effect of West German Television on Smoking and Health: A Natural Experiment from German Reunification," Economics Series Working Papers 1080, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
- Andrea Bernini & Sven A. Hartmann, 2025. "The Effect of West German Television on Smoking and Health: A Natural Experiment from German Reunification," IAAEU Discussion Papers 202502, Institute of Labour Law and Industrial Relations in the European Union (IAAEU).
- Hyll, Walter & Schneider, Lutz, 2016.
"Social Comparisons and Attitudes towards Foreigners. Evidence from the ‘Fall of the Iron Curtain’,"
IWH Discussion Papers
12/2016, Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH).
- Schneider, Lutz & Hyll, Walter, 2016. "Social Comparisons and Attitudes towards Foreigners - Evidence from the ‘Fall of the Iron Curtain’," VfS Annual Conference 2016 (Augsburg): Demographic Change 145605, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
- Hartmann, Sven A., 2026.
"Fog or smog? The impact of uncensored reporting on pollution on individuals’ environmental preferences,"
Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
- Sven A. Hartmann, 2026. "Fog or smog? The impact of uncensored reporting on pollution on individuals’ environmental preferences," IAAEU Discussion Papers 202601, Institute of Labour Law and Industrial Relations in the European Union (IAAEU).
- Tim Friehe & Helge Mueller & Florian Neumeier, 2017. "Media content's role in the making of a democrat: Evidence from East Germany," MAGKS Papers on Economics 201711, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Department of Economics (Volkswirtschaftliche Abteilung).
- Chadi, Adrian & Hoffmann, Manuel, 2026.
"Television, health, and happiness: A natural experiment in West Germany,"
Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
- Chadi, Adrian & Hoffmann, Manuel, 2021. "Television, Health, and Happiness: A Natural Experiment in West Germany," IZA Discussion Papers 14721, IZA Network @ LISER.
- Adrian Chadi & Manuel Hoffmann, 2021. "Television, Health, and Happiness: A Natural Experiment in West Germany," SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research 1148, DIW Berlin, The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP).
- Hyll, Walter & Schneider, Lutz, 2018. "Income comparisons and attitudes towards foreigners - Evidence from a natural experiment," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(2), pages 634-655.
- Friehe, Tim & Müller, Helge & Neumeier, Florian, 2020.
"Media’s role in the making of a democrat: Evidence from East Germany,"
Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 48(4), pages 866-890.
- Tim Friehe & Helge Müller & Florian Neumeier, 2019. "Media's Role in the Making of a Democrat: Evidence from East Germany," CESifo Working Paper Series 7485, CESifo.
- Friehe, Tim & Müller, Helge & Neumeier, Florian, 2020. "Media's role in the making of a democrat: Evidence from East Germany," Munich Reprints in Economics 84738, University of Munich, Department of Economics.
- Hartmann, Sven A., 2024.
"Television and family demography: Evidence from a natural experiment in East Germany,"
Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
- Sven A. Hartmann, 2024. "Television and family demography: Evidence from a natural experiment in East Germany," IAAEU Discussion Papers 202407, Institute of Labour Law and Industrial Relations in the European Union (IAAEU).
- Alex Armand & Paul Atwell & Joseph F. Gomes & Yannik Schenk, 2023.
"It's a bird, it's a plane, it's Superman! Using mass media to fight intolerance,"
NOVAFRICA Working Paper Series
wp2302, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Nova School of Business and Economics, NOVAFRICA.
- Alex Armand & Paul Atwell & Joseph F. Gomes & Yannik Schenk, 2023. "It’s a Bird, it’s a Plane, it’s Superman! Using Mass Media to fight Intolerance," LIDAM Discussion Papers IRES 2023012, Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES).
- Armand, Alex & Atwell, Paul & Gomes, Joseph & Musillo, Giuseppe & Schenk, Yannik, 2024. "It's a Bird, It's a Plane, It's Superman! Using Mass Media to Fight Intolerance," IZA Discussion Papers 17098, IZA Network @ LISER.
- Slavtchev, Viktor & Wyrwich, Michael, 2017.
"TV and entrepreneurship,"
IWH Discussion Papers
17/2017, Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH).
- Viktor Slavtchev & Michael Wyrwich, 2021. "TV and Entrepreneurship," Jena Economics Research Papers 2021-010, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena.
- Slavtchev, Viktor & Wyrwich, Michael, 2021. "TV and Entrepreneurship," Research Report 2021014-I&O, University of Groningen, Research Institute SOM (Systems, Organisations and Management).
- Viktor Slavtchev & Michael Wyrwich, 2017. "TV and Entrepreneurship," Jena Economics Research Papers 2017-007, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena.
- Tähtinen, Tuuli, 2024.
"When Facebook Is the Internet: The Role of Social Media in Ethnic Conflict,"
World Development, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).
- Tuuli Tähtinen, 2021. "When Facebook Is the Internet: The Role of Social Media in Ethnic Conflict," Economics Working Papers EUI ECO 2021/01, European University Institute.
- Tuuli Tähtinen, 2024. "When Facebook Is the Internet: The Role of Social Media in Ethnic Conflict," ifo Working Paper Series 408, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich.
- Laudenbach, Christine & Malmendier, Ulrike & Niessen-Ruenzi, Alexandra, 2024. "The long-lasting effects of experiencing communism on attitudes towards financial markets," SAFE Working Paper Series 429, Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE.
- Lange, Martin, 2021.
"The legacy of state socialism on attitudes toward immigration,"
Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(3), pages 733-750.
- Lange, Martin, 2021. "The legacy of state socialism on attitudes toward immigration," ZEW Discussion Papers 21-070, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
- Malmendier, Ulrike M. & Laudenbach, Christine & Niessen-Ruenzi, Alexandra, 2020. "The Long-lasting Effects of Experiencing Communism on Attitudes towards Financial Markets," CEPR Discussion Papers 14939, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
- Friehe, Tim & Müller, Helge & Neumeier, Florian, 2018.
"The effect of Western TV on crime: Evidence from East Germany,"
European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 346-372.
- Tim Friehe & Helge Mueller & Florian Neumeier, 2017. "The effect of Western TV on crime: Evidence from East Germany," MAGKS Papers on Economics 201710, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Department of Economics (Volkswirtschaftliche Abteilung).
- Flückiger, Matthias & Ludwig, Markus, 2025. "The structure of online social networks and social movements: Evidence from the Black Lives Matter protests," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
- Slavtchev, Viktor & Wyrwich, Michael, 2023. "The effects of TV content on entrepreneurship: Evidence from German unification," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(2), pages 696-721.
- Stefano Gagliarducci & Massimiliano Gaetano Onorato & Francesco Sobbrio & Guido Tabellini, 2020.
"War of the Waves: Radio and Resistance during World War II,"
American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association, vol. 12(4), pages 1-38, October.
- Gagliarducci, Stefano & Onorato, Massimiliano Gaetano & Sobbrio, Francesco & Tabellini, Guido, 2017. "War of the Waves: Radio and Resistance during World War II," IZA Discussion Papers 11244, IZA Network @ LISER.
- Stefano Gagliarducci & Massimiliano Gaetano Onorato & Francesco Sobbrio & Guido Tabellini, 2018. "War of the Waves : Radio and Resistance During World War II," EIEF Working Papers Series 1803, Einaudi Institute for Economics and Finance (EIEF), revised Feb 2018.
- Stefano Gagliarducci & Massimiliano Gaetano Onorato & Francesco Sobbrio & Guido Tabellini, 2018. "War of the Waves: Radio and Resistance During World War II," DISCE - Working Papers del Dipartimento di Economia e Finanza def066, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Dipartimenti e Istituti di Scienze Economiche (DISCE).
- Stefano Gagliarducci & Massimiliano Gaetano Onorato & Francesco Sobbrio & Guido Tabellini, 2018. "War of the Waves: Radio and Resistance During World War II," CESifo Working Paper Series 6923, CESifo.
- Tabellini, Guido & Sobbrio, Francesco & Gagliarducci, Stefano, 2018. "War of the Waves: Radio and Resistance During World War II," CEPR Discussion Papers 12746, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
- Brodeur, Abel & Yousaf, Hasin, 2019. "The Economics of Mass Shootings," IZA Discussion Papers 12728, IZA Network @ LISER.
Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/iza/izadps/dp18648.html