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La décohabitation, privilège des jeunes qui réussissent ?

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  • Julie Solard

    (DREES - Direction de la recherche, des études, de l’évaluation et des statistiques [Paris] - Ministère des Solidarités et de la Santé [Paris, France], INSEE - Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE))

  • Rosalinda Coppoletta

    (DREES - Direction de la recherche, des études, de l’évaluation et des statistiques [Paris] - Ministère des Solidarités et de la Santé [Paris, France], ENSAE-CREST, Institut Polytechnique de Paris)

Abstract

À même niveau de diplôme, le niveau de vie des jeunes décohabitants est en moyenne plus faible, mais également moins dispersé, que celui des jeunes qui continuent de vivre chez leurs parents. Pourtant, les décohabitants ont des revenus d'activité personnelle beaucoup plus élevés, grâce à une situation beaucoup plus favorable sur le marché du travail, et ils ne se déclarent pas plus souvent en difficultés financières. Plusieurs facteurs peuvent expliquer ces caractéristiques des décohabitants et des corésidents. Rester au domicile des parents permet de profiter de leur revenu et d'économies d'échelle. Ce choix s'impose le plus souvent aux moins diplômés, dont la situation face à l'emploi est la plus difficile : il ne les empêche pas d'avoir des taux de pauvreté élevés et d'être dans des ménages qui ressentent souvent leur situation financière comme difficile. À l'inverse, les jeunes de milieux plus favorisés ou mieux insérés dans l'emploi sont davantage en mesure d'assumer la chute de niveau de vie associée à l'autonomie. Elle est vécue d'autant plus facilement qu'ils continuent à bénéficier des transferts intrafamiliaux mal pris en compte par les indicateurs de niveau de vie. C'est particulièrement le cas des jeunes décohabitants en formation initiale dont plus de la moitié sont aidés par leurs proches. La décohabitation apparaît ainsi très sélective et cette sélectivité doit être prise en compte pour étudier le niveau de vie des jeunes adultes et ses déterminants. On recourt pour ce faire à une modélisation jointe du niveau de vie en cas de décohabitation et du choix de décohabiter. Elle confirme l'effet de sélection : le manque de diplômes et les difficultés sur le marché du travail freinent la décohabitation. D'autre part, une fois pris en compte l'effet de sélection, les jeunes qui résident encore chez leurs parents auraient, à caractéristiques personnelles et d'emploi identiques, un niveau de vie de décohabitant plus faible que les autres.

Suggested Citation

  • Julie Solard & Rosalinda Coppoletta, 2014. "La décohabitation, privilège des jeunes qui réussissent ?," Post-Print hal-05534015, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05534015
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://insee.hal.science/hal-05534015v1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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