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Les fondements moraux d’une logique institutionnelle. Contestation, controverses et stabilité

Author

Listed:
  • Isabelle Huault

    (DRM - Dauphine Recherches en Management - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Benjamin Taupin

    (PULV - Pôle Universitaire Léonard de Vinci)

Abstract

Nous examinons dans ce papier les micro-fondements moraux d'une logique institutionnelle. Nous nous focalisons plus précisément sur la perpétuation d'une institution paradoxalement permise par la controverse visant à la remettre en cause. Ce propos est étayé par l'étude du débat autour de l'industrie de la notation de crédit lors de la crise des subprimes de 2008. La controverse, au cours de laquelle différentes conceptions de la régulation de la notation de crédit se sont opposées, a finalement mené à la réaffirmation de l'ordre existant, c'est-à-dire le maintien de l'auto-régulation de l'industrie. Le recours au cadre des Economies de la grandeur développé par Boltanski et Thévenot (1991) nous permet de distinguer la logique institutionnelle de ses fondements moraux que les acteurs manipulent en pratique. En étudiant le lien que ces deux éléments entretiennent, nous parvenons alors à mettre en exergue la construction concrète du processus institutionnel dans cette industrie. Dans un premier temps, ce travail corrobore la possibilité d'existence d'une institution comme un élément embrassant les contradictions. Ce cadre théorique permet également l'observation de l'engagement situé des acteurs dans les phénomènes institutionnels. Ce travail nous conduit enfin à remettre en cause la dichotomie entre maintien et changement institutionnels car, comme le révèle l'étude de cas, l'institution dans sa stabilité est indissociable de sa contestation. Ainsi en mettant en exergue les ressorts du maintien, cette recherche parvient à poser un regard nouveau sur la stabilité des institutions.La méthodologie mise en œuvre repose sur l'analyse qualitative des commentaires des parties prenantes de la notation de crédit lors des consultations publiques de 2008 et 2009 menées par la Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) américaine dans le but de réexaminer l'encadrement de l'activité de notation. Une étude qualitative de 300 commentaires a été réalisée à l'aide d'un codage assisté par le logiciel NVivo. Nous focalisons notre attention sur deux débats centraux de la régulation de la notation de crédit : la dépendance de la régulation aux notations des agences d'une part et l'accusation de conflit d'intérêts adressée aux agences d'autre part. Pour les deux débats étudiés, la répétition du compromis entre le monde marchand, le monde industriel et le monde de l'opinion permet la perpétuation de l'ordre auto-régulé. La réaffirmation des fondements de la légitimité de la régulation de la notation de crédit trouve également sa source dans l'incapacité des acteurs à clore la controverse impliquant ces trois mondes.

Suggested Citation

  • Isabelle Huault & Benjamin Taupin, 2012. "Les fondements moraux d’une logique institutionnelle. Contestation, controverses et stabilité," Post-Print hal-01637436, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01637436
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-01637436
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    References listed on IDEAS

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