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Children’s Multidimensional Health and Medium-Run Cognitive Skills in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (Documento de Trabajo 129 – Salud multidimensional de los niños y sus habilidades cognitivas en el mediano plazo)

Author

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  • Elisabetta Aurino
  • Francesco Burchi

Abstract

Este documento de trabajo analiza los efectos que tiene la salud de los niños en países de bajos y medianos ingresos durante sus primeros años sobre su educación en el mediano plazo. El estudio usa las tres rondas de la base de datos del estudio Niños del Milenio en Etiopía, India, Perú y Vietnam con un enfoque multidimensional de la salud (y la pobreza en general). El documento de trabajo tiene un cuádruple objetivo: (1) explorar si en nuestra muestra de esos cuatro países se mantiene la relación positiva entre la talla de los niños (que indica su grado de nutrición) y las habilidades cognitivas en los niveles preescolar y en edad escolar primaria que se encuentra en previas investigaciones; (2) evaluar si los indicadores de salud y nutrición adicionales, raramente disponible o utilizado en la literatura existente, se asocian significativamente con los logros cognitivos posteriores; (3) examinar si la contribución de la salud multidimensional de los niños a sus logros cognitivos en el mediano plazo se puede resumir de forma adecuada en un índice compuesto de privación material; (4) investigar algunos de los posibles canales por los cuales la salud de la primera infancia puede afectar las habilidades cognitivas de los niños. De forma consistente con la literatura principal, las estimaciones muestran un efecto positivo y altamente significativo de la talla para la edad de los niños entre 6 y 18 meses en casi todas las variables dependientes, tanto en la edad preescolar y en la escolar primaria. Fue más informativo, asimismo, que se estudiaron los datos desde una perspectiva multidimensional. Además, la desnutrición aguda (peso para la talla), es un importante predictor de los resultados de aprendizaje de los niños, especialmente en la India, Perú y Vietnam. Sin embargo, la variable de salud final, que indica si el niño había sufrido una grave enfermedad, solo ayuda a explicar las calificaciones de matemáticas en Vietnam. Se construyó un índice de privación de la salud global, basado en una versión revisada del método Alkire-Foster. Si bien se asocia con una variedad de resultados en los distintos países, el índice resultó ser sustancialmente menos informativo que el ‘conjunto de indicadores’. Finalmente, el documento arroja algo de luz sobre los factores que median la relación entre las condiciones de salud de la primera infancia y las capacidades cognitivas en la vida posterior. Se sugiere que el nivel de educación formal asistido / completado es un canal importante, pero en la mayoría de los casos, la inclusión de las variables relacionadas con la escolarización en las estimaciones no invalida la asociación entre la salud de la primera infancia y el nivel cognitivo en los años siguientes. Este hallazgo sustenta los efectos de largo plazo del grado de la salud y la nutrición de la infancia en la formación de habilidades de las personas durante su vida.

Suggested Citation

  • Elisabetta Aurino & Francesco Burchi, 2014. "Children’s Multidimensional Health and Medium-Run Cognitive Skills in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (Documento de Trabajo 129 – Salud multidimensional de los niños y sus habilidades cognitivas en e," Documentos de Trabajo (Niños del Milenio-GRADE) ninosm129, Niños del Milenio (Young Lives).
  • Handle: RePEc:gad:ninosm:ninosm129
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    References listed on IDEAS

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