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Geographic liberalization and the accessibility of banking services in rural areas

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  • Jeffery W. Gunther

Abstract

This study assesses the degree to which the liberalization of geographic banking restrictions has lived up to its promise of enhancing service accessibility in rural areas. The empirical framework is distinguished by a focus on changes in accessibility, as opposed to levels. While previous research has produced mixed results on the benefits of greater geographic powers for service accessibility in rural communities, the results reported here point unambiguously to a positive relationship between expansion opportunities and accessibility. Both OLS and ordinallevel probit regressions indicate that geographic banking liberalizations, particularly those leading to greater branching opportunities, have been associated with relatively strong growth in the number of banking offices serving rural areas.

Suggested Citation

  • Jeffery W. Gunther, 1997. "Geographic liberalization and the accessibility of banking services in rural areas," Financial Industry Studies Working Paper 97-1, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:feddfi:97-1
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    1. Paula Cruz‐García & María del Carmen Dircio Palacios Macedo & Emili Tortosa‐Ausina, 2021. "Financial inclusion and exclusion across Mexican municipalities," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(5), pages 1496-1526, October.
    2. Collender, Robert N. & Shaffer, Sherrill, 2003. "Local bank office ownership, deposit control, market structure, and economic growth," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 27(1), pages 27-57, January.
    3. DeYoung, Robert & Hasan, Iftekhar & Kirchhoff, Bruce, 1998. "The Impact of Out-of-State Entry on the Cost Efficiency of Local Commercial Banks," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 50(2), pages 191-203, March.
    4. Aki Koponen, 2009. "Regional differences in bank office service accessibility: an entry approach," Discussion Papers 42, Aboa Centre for Economics.
    5. Luisa Alamá & Emili Tortosa-Ausina, 2012. "Bank Branch Geographic Location Patterns in S pain: Some Implications for Financial Exclusion," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(3), pages 505-543, September.
    6. Cristina Bernad & Lucio Fuentelsaz & Jaime Gómez, 2008. "Deregulation and its Long-Run Effects on the Availability of Banking Services in Low-Income Communities," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 40(7), pages 1681-1696, July.
    7. R. Alton Gilbert, 2000. "Nationwide branch banking and the presence of large banks in rural areas," Review, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, vol. 82(May), pages 13-28.
    8. Aki T. Koponen, 2003. "Regional perspectives on office service accessibility in Finnish banking markets: are there differences in service accessibility between the regions?," ERSA conference papers ersa03p304, European Regional Science Association.

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    Keywords

    Rural areas; Banks and banking;

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