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Disease Surveillance, Mortality and Race: The Case of HIV/AIDS in the United States

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  • Sharp, Paul
  • Kristensen, Frederikke

Abstract

The importance of testing and reporting has frequently been stated during the COVID-19 pandemic, but studies on the effectiveness of surveillance are still lacking. We thus turn to the last great epidemic, HIV/AIDS. In 1985 the first blood test for HIV became available, but prior to 1996 no effective medical treatment was available. We exploit the differential rollout of HIV surveillance across US states between 1985 and 2008 and find that HIV reporting helped reduce both AIDS cases and mortality. After the introduction of the effective treatment, HAART, there is no longer a significant effect on mortality, but the effect on reducing cases remains. For blacks, however, the impact on mortality is apparent even after 1996. Surveillance is therefore an important tool for combating epidemics, even in the presence of effective treatments, perhaps due to its impact on the avoidance of risky behavior.

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  • Sharp, Paul & Kristensen, Frederikke, 2021. "Disease Surveillance, Mortality and Race: The Case of HIV/AIDS in the United States," CEPR Discussion Papers 15984, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    • Handle: RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:15984
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Aids; Hiv; Surveillance; United states;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
    • J18 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Public Policy
    • N32 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy - - - U.S.; Canada: 1913-

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