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Bien-estar y macroeconomía 2002-2006: el crecimiento inequitativo no es sostenible

Author

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  • Ricardo Bonilla González
  • Jorge Iván González

Abstract

El Centro de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo (CID) de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas de la Universidad Nacional, y la Contraloría General de la República (CGR) se han preocupado por hacer una reflexión sistemática sobre el vínculo que existe entre la macro economía y el bien-estar de la población. Este es el tercer es-tudio. El término bien-estar (well being) fue utilizado por los autores clásicos (Mill, Walras, Marshall, etc.), con la convicción profunda de que la economía debe estar al servicio del bien-estar de las personas. Y si el bien-estar es la felicidad que resulta de las opciones que como agentes hacen los individuos, la economía debe estar al servicio de la felicidad. En los tres estudios hemos tratado de mostrar las interac-ciones que se presentan entre las variables macro y las condiciones de vida de la po-blación. Desde el punto de vista metodológico, el reto no es sencillo, porque las re-laciones multicausales impiden suponer que hay secuencias univocas, del tipo si A entonces B. Las variables que normalmente guían la política económica (inflación, empleo, interés, déficit fiscal, deuda, tasa de cambio, etc.) nunca son neutras en tér-minos de bien-estar. Siempre que se mueven favorecen a unos y perjudican a otros. Hemos tratado de descartar cualquier simplismo dogmático, con el fin de captar la forma como las principales decisiones gubernamentales han incidido en la vida de los hogares. El rechazo de los credos es fundamental para poder entender. Uno de los principios, derivado de los oráculos que inspiran a los banqueros centrales, dice que la reducción de la inflación es intrínsecamente buena para todos. En los tres es-tudios hemos mostrado que ello no es así. Que la menor inflación favorece a unos y perjudica a otros. El documento ha sido elaborado por el CID, así que la responsabi-lidad por lo dicho en estas páginas es nuestra y no de la CGR. El texto tiene tres partes, que corresponden a la caracterización que hemos hecho del crecimiento actual de la economía colombiana. Decimos que el crecimiento es insu-ficiente, concentrado e insostenible. Al gobierno Uribe le correspondió la fase cre-ciente del ciclo económico, beneficiándose de la recuperación posterior a la gran re-cesión de finales del siglo pasado. La actual fase de crecimiento tiene tres caracterís-ticas para el estado de bien-estar del país: a) es insuficiente, b) sigue siendo inequita-tiva, y c) es insostenible en materia de continuidad para los próximos anos. El go-bierno se beneficio de un período de bonanzas conjuntas que difícilmente se pueden repetir, por lo tanto, no existe ninguna garantía de que en las actuales condiciones se genere un crecimiento sostenido a ritmos superiores al 5%.

Suggested Citation

  • Ricardo Bonilla González & Jorge Iván González, 2006. "Bien-estar y macroeconomía 2002-2006: el crecimiento inequitativo no es sostenible," Publicaciones, CID 2064, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, FCE, CID.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000121:002064
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    File URL: http://www.cid.unal.edu.co/files/publications/bijig062006.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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