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50 anos del índice de precios en Colombia

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  • Alvaro Montenegro

Abstract

La inflación es reconocida como una de las variables más importantes y de mayor impacto en la economía. Sin embargo, no existe una definición universalmente aceptada de ella. Algunos autores condicionan la inflación a su causa. Por ejemplo, la definición de Laider y Parkin (1975) tiene un énfasis monetario, la inflación es un proceso de crecimiento continuo en los precios, o de manera equivalente, de una caída continua en el valor del dinero". El lado monetario es aún más evidente en la definición de Bronfenbrenner y Holzmann (1963) para quienes la inflación es una condición en la cual "demasiado dinero persigue muy pocos bienes". Recordamos también el ya famoso dictamen de Friedman (1970), "la inflación es siempre y en todo lugar un fenómeno monetario ... y puede ser producido solamente por un aumento en la cantidad de dinero que sea más rápido que el del producto". En resumen, estos autores enfatizan no sólo el efecto sino la causa. El debate que por mucho tiempo ocupó la literatura económica, acerca de si la inflación es de demanda o de oferta perdió algo de vigencia, principalmente porque en el fondo no es fácil aislar estas causas empíricamente [ver Frisch (1983, p. 12)]. Se podría proponer la siguiente definición de la inflación: la inflación es un aumento continuo y generalizado en el nivel de precios. Notamos las palabras `continuo´ y `generalizado´. La inflación no sería un aumento por una sola vez en los precios, sino que debe ser un fenómeno que tenga continuidad a través de largos periodos de tiempo, más anos que meses, aunque obviamente no habrá consenso acerca de este lapso de tiempo. Por otro lado, la inflación no es un aumento, por continuo que sea, en un solo bien o servicio. No se trata de movimientos en precios relativos, que pueden ser positivos y negativos, sino en una tendencia unidireccional promedio en los precios. En otras palabras, los precios relativos continúan ajustándose hacia arriba o hacia abajo pero el neto exhibe aumento promedio de precios."

Suggested Citation

  • Alvaro Montenegro, 2004. "50 anos del índice de precios en Colombia," Documentos de Economía 1904, Universidad Javeriana - Bogotá.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000108:001904
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    File URL: http://www.javeriana.edu.co/fcea/area_economia/inv/documents/50anosdelindicedepreciosencolombia.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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