IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/ces/ceswps/_12103.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

The Uninsured Deposit Premium

Author

Listed:
  • Daniel Dias
  • Tim Schmidt-Eisenlohr

Abstract

We estimate the uninsured deposit premium - the difference between the rates paid on uninsured versus insured deposits - by linking observed average deposit rates to an estimated share of uninsured deposits. Using U.S. bank data from 1991 to 2025, we show that the average uninsured deposit premium rose by nearly 400 basis points over this period. This rise reflects both falling insured deposit rates and rising uninsured deposit rates. We find a strong correlation with the monetary policy cycle: a one-percentage-point increase in the Federal Funds Rate corresponds to a rise of roughly 32 basis points in the uninsured deposit premium. We develop a bargaining model between banks, insured depositors, and uninsured depositors that explains these dynamics.

Suggested Citation

  • Daniel Dias & Tim Schmidt-Eisenlohr, 2025. "The Uninsured Deposit Premium," CESifo Working Paper Series 12103, CESifo.
    • Handle: RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12103
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.ifo.de/DocDL/cesifo1_wp12103.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mark Egan & Ali Hortaçsu & Gregor Matvos, 2017. "Deposit Competition and Financial Fragility: Evidence from the US Banking Sector," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 107(1), pages 169-216, January.
    2. Peter M. DeMarzo & Arvind Krishnamurthy & Stefan Nagel, 2024. "Interest Rate Risk in Banking," NBER Working Papers 33308, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Itamar Drechsler & Alexi Savov & Philipp Schnabl, 2021. "Banking on Deposits: Maturity Transformation without Interest Rate Risk," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 76(3), pages 1091-1143, June.
    4. Berger, Allen N & Hannan, Timothy H, 1989. "The Price-Concentration Relationship in Banking," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 71(2), pages 291-299, May.
    5. Kwangwoo Park & George Pennacchi, 2009. "Harming Depositors and Helping Borrowers: The Disparate Impact of Bank Consolidation," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 22(1), pages 1-40, January.
    6. Itamar Drechsler & Alexi Savov & Philipp Schnabl, 2017. "The Deposits Channel of Monetary Policy," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 132(4), pages 1819-1876.
    7. Timothy H. Hannan & Robert M. Adams, 2011. "Consumer Switching Costs And Firm Pricing: Evidence From Bank Pricing Of Deposit Accounts," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 59(2), pages 296-320, June.
    8. Asli Demirguc-Kunt & Edward J. Kane, 2002. "Deposit Insurance Around the Globe: Where Does It Work?," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 16(2), pages 175-195, Spring.
    9. Rosen, Richard J., 2007. "Banking market conditions and deposit interest rates," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(12), pages 3862-3884, December.
    10. David Neumark & Steven A. Sharpe, 1992. "Market Structure and the Nature of Price Rigidity: Evidence from the Market for Consumer Deposits," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 107(2), pages 657-680.
    11. Douglas W. Diamond & Philip H. Dybvig, 2000. "Bank runs, deposit insurance, and liquidity," Quarterly Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, vol. 24(Win), pages 14-23.
    12. María Soledad Martínez-Peria & Sergio Schmukler, 2002. "Do Depositors Punish Banks for Bad Behavior? Market Discipline, Deposit Insurance, and Banking Crises," Central Banking, Analysis, and Economic Policies Book Series, in: Leonardo Hernández & Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel & Norman Loayza (Series Editor) & Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel (Se (ed.),Banking, Financial Integration, and International Crises, edition 1, volume 3, chapter 5, pages 143-174, Central Bank of Chile.
    13. Calem, Paul S & Carlino, Gerald A, 1991. "The Concentration/Conduct Relationship in Bank Deposit Markets," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 73(2), pages 268-276, May.
    14. Maechler, Andrea M. & McDill, Kathleen M., 2006. "Dynamic depositor discipline in US banks," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(7), pages 1871-1898, July.
    15. Kim, Moshe & Kliger, Doron & Vale, Bent, 2003. "Estimating switching costs: the case of banking," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 12(1), pages 25-56, January.
    16. Bartholdy, Jan & Boyle, Glenn W. & Stover, Roger D., 2003. "Deposit insurance and the risk premium in bank deposit rates," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 27(4), pages 699-717, April.
    17. Hannan, Timothy H & Berger, Allen N, 1991. "The Rigidity of Prices: Evidence from the Banking Industry," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 81(4), pages 938-945, September.
    18. Stefan Jacewitz & Jonathan Pogach, 2018. "Deposit Rate Advantages at the Largest Banks," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 53(1), pages 1-35, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Rice, Jonathan & Guerrini, Giulia Maria, 2026. "Riding the rate wave: Interest rate and run risks in euro area banks during the 2022–2023 monetary cycle," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    2. Rice, Jonathan & Guerrini, Giulia Maria, 2026. "Riding the rate wave: Interest rate and run risks in euro area banks during the 2022–2023 monetary cycle," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    3. Berger, Allen N. & Boot, Arnoud W.A., 2024. "Financial intermediation services and competition analyses: Review and paths forward for improvement," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).
    4. Jiang, Erica Xuewei & Matvos, Gregor & Piskorski, Tomasz & Seru, Amit, 2024. "Monetary tightening and U.S. bank fragility in 2023: Mark-to-market losses and uninsured depositor runs?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    5. Carletti, Elena & De Marco, Filippo & Ioannidou, Vasso & Sette, Enrico, 2021. "Banks as patient lenders: Evidence from a tax reform," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 141(1), pages 6-26.
    6. Choi, Michael & Rocheteau, Guillaume, 2023. "A model of retail banking and the deposits channel of monetary policy," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 127-147.
    7. Mattia Girotti, 2021. "How monetary policy changes bank liability structure and funding cost," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 73(1), pages 49-75.
    8. José Azar & Sahil Raina & Martin Schmalz, 2022. "Ultimate ownership and bank competition," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 51(1), pages 227-269, March.
    9. Itamar Drechsler & Alexi Savov & Philipp Schnabl, 2017. "The Deposits Channel of Monetary Policy," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 132(4), pages 1819-1876.
    10. Kurlat, Pablo, 2019. "Deposit spreads and the welfare cost of inflation," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 78-93.
    11. Itamar Drechsler & Alexi Savov & Philipp Schnabl, 2021. "Banking on Deposits: Maturity Transformation without Interest Rate Risk," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 76(3), pages 1091-1143, June.
    12. Li, Lei & Loutskina, Elena & Strahan, Philip E., 2023. "Deposit market power, funding stability and long-term credit," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 14-30.
    13. Nimrod Segev & Sigal Ribon & Michael Kahn & Jakob Haan, 2024. "Low Interest Rates and Banks’ Interest Margins: Does Deposit Market Concentration Matter?," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 65(2), pages 189-218, June.
    14. Giang Phung & Michael Troege, 2024. "Making depositors greedy and careless: Government safety nets and the degradation of depositor discipline," Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 32(3), pages 921-947, July.
    15. Mark Egan & Stefan Lewellen & Adi Sunderam, 2017. "The Cross Section of Bank Value," NBER Working Papers 23291, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    16. Paul, Pascal, 2023. "Banks, maturity transformation, and monetary policy," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    17. Peter DeMarzo & Arvind Krishnamurthy & Stefan Nagel, 2024. "Interest Rate Risk in Banking," CESifo Working Paper Series 11581, CESifo.
    18. Ion LAPTEACRU, 2022. "What drives the risk of European banks during crises? New evidence and insights," Bordeaux Economics Working Papers 2022-02, Bordeaux School of Economics (BSE).
    19. Ion Lapteacru, 2022. "What drives the risk of European banks during crises? New evidence and insights," Working Papers hal-03775463, HAL.
    20. Koont, Naz & Santos, Tano & Zingales, Luigi, 2023. "Destabilizing digital "bank walks"," Working Papers 328, The University of Chicago Booth School of Business, George J. Stigler Center for the Study of the Economy and the State.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12103. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Klaus Wohlrabe (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/cesifde.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.