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Police violence reduces civilian cooperation and engagement with law enforcement

Author

Listed:
  • Desmond Ang
  • Panka Bencsik
  • Jesse Bruhn
  • Ellora Derenoncourt

Abstract

How do high-profile acts of police brutality affect public trust and cooperation with law enforcement? To investigate this question, we develop a new measure of civilian crime reporting that isolates changes in community engagement with police from underlying changes in crime: the ratio of police-related 911 calls to gunshots detected by ShotSpotter technology. Examining detailed data from eight major American cities, we show a sharp drop in both the call-to-shot ratio and 911 call volume immediately after the police murder of George Floyd in May 2020. Notably, reporting rates decreased significantly in both non-white and white neighborhoods across the country. These effects persist for several months, and we find little evidence that they were reversed by the conviction of Floyd’s murderer. Together, the results illustrate how acts of police violence may destroy a key input into effective law enforcement and public safety: civilian engagement and reporting.

Suggested Citation

  • Desmond Ang & Panka Bencsik & Jesse Bruhn & Ellora Derenoncourt, 2021. "Police violence reduces civilian cooperation and engagement with law enforcement," Working Papers 2021-005, Brown University, Department of Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:bro:econwp:2021-005
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Frank Edwards & Hedwig Lee & Michael Esposito, 2019. "Risk of being killed by police use of force in the United States by age, race–ethnicity, and sex," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 116(34), pages 16793-16798, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jácome, Elisa, 2022. "The effect of immigration enforcement on crime reporting: Evidence from Dallas," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    2. Nägel, Christof & Nivette, Amy, 2023. "The Rodney King incident and verdict revisited: Examining opinion-mobilizing effects using data from Southern California in 1991 and 1992," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    3. Elisa Facchetti, 2026. "Police infrastructure, police performance, and crime: evidence from austerity cuts," IFS Working Papers W24/16, Institute for Fiscal Studies.
    4. Rodrigo Canales & Juan Francisco Santini & Marina González Magaña & Alexis Cherem, 2025. "Shaping Police Officer Mindsets and Behaviors: Experimental Evidence of Procedural Justice Training," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 71(11), pages 8995-9013, November.
    5. Lieberman, Carl, 2024. "Variation in racial disparities in police use of force," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    6. Matthew Harvey, 2026. "The effect of civilian monitoring on fatal encounters," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 44(2), pages 394-407, April.
    7. Pauline Grosjean & Federico Masera & Hasin Yousaf, 2023. "Inflammatory Political Campaigns and Racial Bias in Policing," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 138(1), pages 413-463.
    8. Noray, Kadeem, 2024. "Police brutality, law enforcement, and crime: Evidence from Chicago," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    9. Andrew Jordan & Taeho Kim, 2025. "Strengthening police oversight: The impacts of misconduct investigators on police officer behavior," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(4), pages 1286-1316, September.
    10. Celislami, Elda & Kastoryano, Stephen & Mastrobuoni, Giovanni, 2023. "Strategic Bureaucratic Opacity: Evidence from Death Investigation Laws and Police Killings," IZA Discussion Papers 16609, IZA Network @ LISER.
    11. Campbell, Travis, 2024. "Black Lives Matter’s effect on police lethal use of force," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    12. Premkumar, Deepak & Skelton, Andrew & Lofstrom, Magnus & Cremin, Sean, 2025. "What Happened When California Suspended Bail during COVID?," IZA Discussion Papers 17710, IZA Network @ LISER.
    13. Bocar A. Ba & Abdoulaye Ndiaye & Roman G. Rivera & Alexander Whitefield, 2024. "Mispricing Narratives after Social Unrest," CESifo Working Paper Series 11264, CESifo.
    14. Cho, Sungwoo & Gonçalves, Felipe & Weisburst, Emily, 2021. "Do Police Make Too Many Arrests? The Effect of Enforcement Pullbacks on Crime," IZA Discussion Papers 14907, IZA Network @ LISER.
    15. Dale T. Manning & Jesse Burkhardt, 2022. "The local effects of federal law enforcement policies: Evidence from sanctuary jurisdictions and crime," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 40(3), pages 423-438, July.
    16. Brendan O'Flaherty & Rajiv Sethi & Morgan Williams, 2024. "The nature, detection, and avoidance of harmful discrimination in criminal justice," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 43(1), pages 289-320, January.
    17. Mikdash, Maya & Zaiour, Reem, 2024. "The impact of police shootings on gun violence and civilian cooperation," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 237(C).

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    • K4 - Law and Economics - - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior

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