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Situación fiscal en América Latina, 2000-2022

Author

Listed:
  • Gerson Javier Pérez-Valbuena
  • Diana Ricciulli-Marín
  • Jaime Bonet-Morón
  • Gisell Katerine Barrios-Pacheco

Abstract

La política fiscal en América Latina ha jugado un papel clave en la recuperación de la sostenibilidad fiscal y la calidad de vida de la población. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar un análisis descriptivo de la posición fiscal de la región y su vínculo con indicadores económicos y sociales. Los resultados revelan una alta prevalencia de los impuestos indirectos, especialmente el impuesto a las ventas y el impuesto al valor agregado (IVA). También se observa que el uso de los instrumentos de recaudación continúa siendo limitado e ineficiente en su capacidad para mejorar el bienestar de la población. A pesar de los avances en la búsqueda de una sostenibilidad macro-fiscal, orientada a ofrecer un mayor bienestar a la población, los sistemas tributarios aún están lejos de cumplir cabalmente sus objetivos de equidad y eficiencia. Algunas de las hipótesis que menciona la literatura como los factores determinantes de estos desalentadores resultados son la presencia de la economía informal, la evasión y la baja calidad del gasto. **** ABSTRACT: Fiscal policy in Latin America has played a key role in the recovery of fiscal sustainability and the enhancement of the population’s quality of life. The objective of this article is to conduct a descriptive analysis of the fiscal position of the region and its link with economic and social indicators. The results reveal a high prevalence of indirect taxes, especially sales tax and value-added tax (VAT). It also highlights the still limited and inefficient use of revenue collection instruments in their aim to improve the population's well-being. Despite the progress made in the search for macro-fiscal sustainability, aimed at offering greater wellbeing to the population, tax systems are still far from meeting their objectives of equity and efficiency. Some of the hypotheses mentioned in the literature as the determining factors of these discouraging results are the presence of informality, evasion, and low quality of spending.

Suggested Citation

  • Gerson Javier Pérez-Valbuena & Diana Ricciulli-Marín & Jaime Bonet-Morón & Gisell Katerine Barrios-Pacheco, 2024. "Situación fiscal en América Latina, 2000-2022," Documentos de trabajo sobre Economía Regional y Urbana 330, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdr:region:330
    DOI: 10.32468/dtseru.330
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Annette Alstadsæter & Niels Johannesen & Gabriel Zucman, 2019. "Tax Evasion and Inequality," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 109(6), pages 2073-2103, June.
    2. Marcelo Bergolo & Juliana Londoño-Vélez & Darío Tortarolo, 2023. "Tax progressivity and taxing the rich in developing countries: lessons from Latin America," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press and Oxford Review of Economic Policy Limited, vol. 39(3), pages 530-549.
    3. Leandro Medina & Friedrich Schneider, 2019. "Shedding Light on the Shadow Economy: A Global Database and the Interaction with the Official One," CESifo Working Paper Series 7981, CESifo.
    4. Nora Lustig, 2014. "Income Redistribution and Poverty Reduction in Latin America: The role of social spending and taxation in achieving development goals," Development, Palgrave Macmillan;Society for International Deveopment, vol. 57(3-4), pages 388-399, December.
    5. Marcelo L. Bergolo & Martin Leites & Ricardo Perez-Truglia & Matias Strehl, 2020. "What Makes a Tax Evader?," NBER Working Papers 28235, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    6. Carlos A. Vegh & Guillermo Vuletin, 2015. "How Is Tax Policy Conducted over the Business Cycle?," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 7(3), pages 327-370, August.
    7. Cruces, Guillermo & Galiani, Sebastian & Kidyba, Susana, 2010. "Payroll taxes, wages and employment: Identification through policy changes," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 17(4), pages 743-749, August.
    8. Ana Corbacho & Vicente Fretes Cibils & Eduardo Lora, 2013. "Recaudar no basta: Los impuestos como instrumento de desarrollo," IDB Publications (Books), Inter-American Development Bank, number 80740, February.
    9. Hanni, Michael & Martner Fanta, Ricardo & Podestá, Andrea, 2015. "El potencial redistributivo de la fiscalidad en América Latina," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), August.
    10. Ardanaz, Martín & Izquierdo, Alejandro, 2022. "Current expenditure upswings in good times and public investment downswings in bad times? New evidence from developing countries," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(1), pages 118-134.
    11. Cecchini, Simone & Atuesta, Bernardo, 2017. "Programas de transferencias condicionadas en América Latina y el Caribe: tendencias de cobertura e inversión," Políticas Sociales 41811, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
    12. repec:idb:brikps:80740 is not listed on IDEAS
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    finanzas públicas; institucionalidad; América Latina; public finances; institutionality; Latin America;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H1 - Public Economics - - Structure and Scope of Government
    • H30 - Public Economics - - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents - - - General
    • O54 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Latin America; Caribbean

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