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Las reglas fiscales subnacionales en Colombia: antecedentes y lecciones aprendidas

Author

Listed:
  • Gerson Javier Pérez-Valbuena
  • Ligia Alba Melo-Becerra
  • Jhorland Ayala-García
  • Clark Granger
  • Jaime Bonet-Morón
  • Norberto Rodríguez-Niño
  • Diana Ricciulli-Marín
  • Paula Andrea Barrios Bueno
  • Juan Pablo Jiménez
  • Ignacio Ruelas Ávila
  • Leonardo Letelier S.

Abstract

La implementación de las reglas fiscales subnacionales en Colombia ocurrida entre 1997 y 2003 tuvo como propósito recuperar la sostenibilidad fiscal de las entidades territoriales puesta en riesgo con el aumento del gasto, la deuda y el déficit, hechos que coincidieron con la profundización de la descentralización fiscal que dejó la Constitución de 1991. Este documento tiene el propósito de hacer una revisión de estas medidas, analizar su papel en la relación que existe entre las transferencias y las finanzas de los gobiernos subnacionales y en la ciclicidad de la política fiscal de los departamentos, revisar los efectos del Covid-19 en las finanzas territoriales que llevaron a la suspensión de las reglas fiscales y hacer una revisión de las experiencias internacionales en cuanto a su estructura y funcionamiento. Los resultados muestran que la existencia y cumplimiento de las reglas fiscales por parte de municipios y departamentos está relacionada con la recuperación de la sostenibilidad fiscal territorial, con reducciones en la prociclicidad de la política fiscal y con el fortalecimiento de la relación entre las entidades territoriales y el gobierno nacional a través de las transferencias. De las buenas prácticas internacionales identificadas se destacan las válvulas de escape, el ajuste al ciclo económico y la coordinación fiscal intergubernamental. **** Abstract: The implementation of the subnational fiscal rules in Colombia that occurred between 1997 and 2003 was aimed at the recovery of local governments’ fiscal sustainability put at risk with the increase in spending, debt and deficit, events related with the deepening of the fiscal decentralization incorporated in the 1991 Constitution. This document has the purpose of going through each of these fiscal rules, analyzing their role in the relationship between transfers and local governments’ finances and the cyclicality of departments’ fiscal policy, examining the effects of Covid-19 pandemic on the local finances that ended up with the suspension of the subnational fiscal rules, and investigating the international experiences related to the fiscal rules’ structure and performance. The results show that the presence and compliance of the fiscal rules by departments and municipalities is closely related to the recovery of the subnational fiscal sustainability, to a reduction in the procyclicality of the fiscal policy and to the strengthening of the relationship between local and national governments by means of the transfers. In terms of the international experiences, at least three best practices were identified, escape clauses, business cycle adjustment and the intergovernmental fiscal coordination.

Suggested Citation

  • Gerson Javier Pérez-Valbuena & Ligia Alba Melo-Becerra & Jhorland Ayala-García & Clark Granger & Jaime Bonet-Morón & Norberto Rodríguez-Niño & Diana Ricciulli-Marín & Paula Andrea Barrios Bueno & Juan, 2024. "Las reglas fiscales subnacionales en Colombia: antecedentes y lecciones aprendidas," Revista ESPE - Ensayos sobre Política Económica, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, issue 107, pages 1-59, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:bdr:ensayo:y:2024:i:107:p:1-59
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    Keywords

    crisis fiscales; reglas fiscales subnacionales; economía regional; fiscal crisis; subnational fiscal rules; regional economics;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H7 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations
    • H12 - Public Economics - - Structure and Scope of Government - - - Crisis Management
    • R5 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Regional Government Analysis

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