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Impacto de los cambios de precios relativos en pobreza y desigualdad en Colombia: 1998-2007

Author

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  • Francisco Javier Lasso Valderrama

Abstract

Mediante la estimación de los índices sociales de precios plutocrático y democrático para Colombia con base en inflaciones individuales, se encuentra evidencia del efecto anti-pobre de los cambios de precios relativos ocurridos entre los diciembres de 1998 y 2007 y de su regresividad respecto a la distribución del ingreso. En los años 2001, 2002 y 2007 donde los incrementos anuales de los precios de los alimentos, estuvieron por encima del incremento medio de los precios, la inflación se tornó regresiva a la distribución del ingreso. En 2000 y 2003, donde sucedió lo contrario, la inflación de los alimentos se puso por debajo de la nacional, se tornó progresiva respecto a la distribución del ingreso. Ante incrementos simulados en los precios de la misma magnitud, manteniendo los demás precios estables, el grupo de alimentos incrementa la pobreza en promedio por punto porcentual de participación en el gasto nacional, dos veces y media más respecto al grupo de los demás bienes. En promedio, por un incremento de 3.5% en los precios de los alimentos, los demás precios constantes, la inflación nacional aumenta en 1%, lo que genera aumentos en pobreza de 0.62 y en pobreza extrema de 0.14 puntos porcentuales. En términos de cambios relativos, el porcentaje de la pobreza extrema aumenta 2.9% mientras el de la pobreza solo llega al 1.6%. Se encuentra además, que el "consumidor medio" que enfrenta la tasa de inflación nacional está ubicado en el decil nueve de la distribución del ingreso. De otra parte, el perfil del hogar más afectado por la inflación ocurrida entre los diciembres de 1998 y 2007, reside en Bucaramanga, es de gran tamaño con una composición alta de adultos, una tasa de ocupación alta y un nivel de ingreso bajo, entre otras características. Las características socio-económicas como la posición ocupacional y el sector económico donde labora el jefe de hogar no mostraron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas con la inflación.

Suggested Citation

  • Francisco Javier Lasso Valderrama, 2008. "Impacto de los cambios de precios relativos en pobreza y desigualdad en Colombia: 1998-2007," Borradores de Economia 518, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:518
    DOI: 10.32468/be.518
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Edgar Caicedo G., 2000. "Problemas en la medición del IPC, el caso colombiano," Revista ESPE - Ensayos sobre Política Económica, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, vol. 18(38), pages 71-117, December.
    2. Angus Deaton, 1998. "Getting Prices Right: What Should Be Done?," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 12(1), pages 37-46, Winter.
    3. Edgar Caicedo, 2000. "Problemas en la medición del IPC, el Caso Colombiano," Borradores de Economia 152, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    4. Edgar caicedo, 2000. "Problemas En La Medici�N Del Ipc, El Caso Colombiano," Borradores de Economia 3381, Banco de la Republica.
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    1. Margarita G√°faro & Ana MarÔøΩa IbÔøΩÔøΩez & David Zarruk, 2012. "Equidad y eficiencia rural en Colombia: una discusi√≥n de pol√≠ticas para el acceso a la tierra," Documentos CEDE 10318, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.

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    JEL classification:

    • C43 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics - - - Index Numbers and Aggregation
    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement

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