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Impacto de los cambios de precios relativos en pobreza y desigualdad en Colombia: 1998-2007

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  • Francisco Javier Lasso Valderrama

Abstract

Mediante la estimaci�n de los �ndices sociales de precios plutocr�tico y democr�tico paraColombia con base en inflaciones individuales, se encuentra evidencia del efecto anti-pobrede los cambios de precios relativos ocurridos entre los diciembres de 1998 y 2007 y de suregresividad respecto a la distribuci�n del ingreso. En los a�os 2001, 2002 y 2007 dondelos incrementos anuales de los precios de los alimentos, estuvieron por encima delincremento medio de los precios, la inflaci�n se torn� regresiva a la distribuci�n delingreso. En 2000 y 2003, donde sucedi� lo contrario, la inflaci�n de los alimentos se pusopor debajo de la nacional, se torn� progresiva respecto a la distribuci�n del ingreso.Ante incrementos simulados en los precios de la misma magnitud, manteniendo los dem�sprecios estables, el grupo de alimentos incrementa la pobreza en promedio por puntoporcentual de participaci�n en el gasto nacional, dos veces y media m�s respecto al grupode los dem�s bienes. En promedio, por un incremento de 3.5% en los precios de losalimentos, los dem�s precios constantes, la inflaci�n nacional aumenta en 1%, lo quegenera aumentos en pobreza de 0.62 y en pobreza extrema de 0.14 puntos porcentuales. Ent�rminos de cambios relativos, el porcentaje de la pobreza extrema aumenta 2.9% mientrasel de la pobreza solo llega al 1.6%.Se encuentra adem�s, que el consumidor medio" que enfrenta la tasa de inflaci�n nacionalest� ubicado en el decil nueve de la distribuci�n del ingreso. De otra parte, el perfil delhogar m�s afectado por la inflaci�n ocurrida entre los diciembres de 1998 y 2007, reside enBucaramanga, es de gran tama�o con una composici�n alta de adultos, una tasa deocupaci�n alta y un nivel de ingreso bajo, entre otras caracter�sticas. Las caracter�sticassocio-econ�micas como la posici�n ocupacional y el sector econ�mico donde labora el jefede hogar no mostraron asociaciones estad�sticamente significativas con la inflaci�n."

Suggested Citation

  • Francisco Javier Lasso Valderrama, 2008. "Impacto de los cambios de precios relativos en pobreza y desigualdad en Colombia: 1998-2007," Borradores de Economia 4723, Banco de la Republica.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000094:004723
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Edgar caicedo, 2000. "Problemas En La Medici�N Del Ipc, El Caso Colombiano," Borradores de Economia 3381, Banco de la Republica.
    2. Edgar Caicedo G., 2000. "Problemas en la medición del IPC, el caso colombiano," Revista ESPE - Ensayos sobre Política Económica, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, vol. 18(38), pages 71-117, December.
    3. Angus Deaton, 1998. "Getting Prices Right: What Should Be Done?," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 12(1), pages 37-46, Winter.
    4. Edgar Caicedo, 2000. "Problemas en la medición del IPC, el Caso Colombiano," Borradores de Economia 152, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
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    Cited by:

    1. Margarita G√°faro & Ana MarÔøΩa IbÔøΩÔøΩez & David Zarruk, 2012. "Equidad y eficiencia rural en Colombia: una discusi√≥n de pol√≠ticas para el acceso a la tierra," Documentos CEDE 10318, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.

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    JEL classification:

    • C43 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics - - - Index Numbers and Aggregation
    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement

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