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Educación financiera y bienestar financiero: evidencia de Colombia en un entorno de alta inflación

Author

Listed:
  • Diego A. Rodríguez-Pinilla
  • Luis Eduardo Castellanos-Rodríguez
  • Andrea López-Rodríguez
  • Pilar Esguerra-Umaña

Abstract

Este estudio, basado en una encuesta representativa a nivel nacional en Colombia, revela que solo un 16,4% de la población colombiana puede responder correctamente las 3 preguntas claves que se han diseñado para evaluar el conocimiento financiero de los individuos, con variaciones significativas entre diferentes grupos demográficos. La pregunta sobre inflación, sin embargo, es contestada correctamente por el 79% de los encuestados, siendo el segundo país con mayor conocimiento de este fenómeno de todos en los que se han realizado estudios recientes sobre estos temas. Además, los datos indican que la experiencia y haber vivido episodios inflacionarios aumenta la probabilidad de estar más familiarizados con el concepto de inflación. Por otro lado, como es de esperarse, la información recogida refleja que un mayor nivel educativo o socioeconómico se correlacionan positivamente con una mejor comprensión de conceptos financieros. Asimismo, se evidencia que un mejor desempeño en las preguntas de conocimiento financiero aumenta la precisión con la que los agentes estiman la inflación futura, lo cual presumiblemente les permite tomar decisiones de consumo más adecuadas para su bienestar. No obstante, a pesar de que las personas con un mejor conocimiento reducen su consumo en contextos de inflación alta esto no se ve reflejado en un aumento del uso de productos de inversión que les permita protegerse ante la pérdida de su poder adquisitivo debido al aumento de los precios. La investigación permite concluir la importancia y urgencia de desarrollar políticas dirigidas a incrementar la educación económica y financiera, particularmente en grupos vulnerables, de tal manera que les permita a las personas ahorrar, invertir, endeudarse menos, asegurar su patrimonio y así garantizar menor pobreza y mayor equidad, contribuyendo a un mayor bienestar de la población a lo largo de los distintos ciclos de la vida. **** ABSTRACT: This study, based on a nationally representative survey in Colombia, reveals that only 16.4% of the Colombian population can correctly answer the 3 key questions designed to assess individuals' financial knowledge, with significant variations among different demographic groups. The inflation's question, however, is answered correctly by 79% of respondents, making it the second country with the highest knowledge of this phenomenon among those studied recently on these topics. Furthermore, the data indicate that experience and having lived through inflationary episodes increase the probability of being more familiar with the concept of inflation. On the other hand, as expected, the collected information reflects that a higher level of education or socioeconomic status correlates positively with a better understanding of financial concepts. Likewise, it is evident that better performance in financial knowledge questions increases the accuracy with which individuals estimate future inflation, presumably enabling them to make more suitable consumption decisions for their well-being. However, despite individuals with better knowledge reducing their consumption in high inflation contexts, this is not reflected in an increased use of investment products that would allow them to protect themselves from the loss of purchasing power due to rising prices. The research concludes the importance and urgency of developing policies aimed at increasing economic and financial education, particularly in vulnerable groups, allowing people to save, invest, incur less debt, secure their assets, and thus ensure less poverty and greater equality, contributing to the overall well-being of the population throughout different life cycles.

Suggested Citation

  • Diego A. Rodríguez-Pinilla & Luis Eduardo Castellanos-Rodríguez & Andrea López-Rodríguez & Pilar Esguerra-Umaña, 2024. "Educación financiera y bienestar financiero: evidencia de Colombia en un entorno de alta inflación," Borradores de Economia 1267, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:1267
    DOI: 10.32468/be.1267
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    Keywords

    educación financiera; educación económica; bienestar financiero; alfabetización financiera; inflación; interés compuesto; diversificación de riesgo; capacidad financiera; financial education; economic education; financial well-being; financial literacy; inflation; compound interest; risk; financial capability;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G50 - Financial Economics - - Household Finance - - - General
    • G51 - Financial Economics - - Household Finance - - - Household Savings, Borrowing, Debt, and Wealth
    • G53 - Financial Economics - - Household Finance - - - Financial Literacy
    • G59 - Financial Economics - - Household Finance - - - Other

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