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Machine Learning Methods for Multi-Horizon Inflation Forecasting: A Comparative Analysis for Costa Rica

Author

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  • Esteban Sánchez-Gómez

    (Economic Division, Central Bank of Costa Rica)

Abstract

This paper evaluates the performance of machine learning (ML) methods for forecasting year-over-year inflation in Costa Rica using monthly data from 2012-2025 and compares their performance against standard benchmarks within a rolling out-of-sample framework. ML techniques are particularly useful for capturing nonlinearities and complex interactions between inflation and a broad set of macroeconomic covariates. The results show that nonlinear ensemble methods such as XGBoost and BART provide the strongest gains at short horizons, while linear shrinkage methods are more competitive at longer horizons. ***Resumen: Este documento evalúa el desempeño de los métodos de aprendizaje automático (ML) para pronosticar la inflación interanual en Costa Rica, utilizando datos mensuales de 2012 a 2025 y comparándolos con estándares de referencia dentro de un esquema de muestra móvil fuera de muestra. Las técnicas de ML son especialmente útiles para captar no linealidades e interacciones complejas entre la inflación y un amplio conjunto de variables macroeconómicas. Los resultados muestran que los métodos de ensamblaje no lineal como XGBoost y BART presentan los mayores beneficios en horizontes cortos, mientras que los métodos de reducción lineal son más competitivos en horizontes largos.

Suggested Citation

  • Esteban Sánchez-Gómez, 2026. "Machine Learning Methods for Multi-Horizon Inflation Forecasting: A Comparative Analysis for Costa Rica," Documentos de Trabajo 2606, Banco Central de Costa Rica.
  • Handle: RePEc:apk:doctra:2606
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    File URL: https://repositorioinvestigaciones.bccr.fi.cr/handle/20.500.12506/532
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    JEL classification:

    • C53 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Forecasting and Prediction Models; Simulation Methods
    • C33 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models

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