Research classified by Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes

2021

• Wörsdörfer Manuel, 2021, "Digital Platforms and Competition Policy: A Business-Ethical Assessment," Journal for Markets and Ethics, Paradigm, volume 9, issue 2, pages 97-119, December, DOI: 10.2478/jome-2021-0007.
• Šmejkal Václav, 2021, "Distribution of new cars – no longer an issue for EU competition law?," Review of Economic Perspectives, Paradigm, volume 21, issue 4, pages 371-383, December, DOI: 10.2478/revecp-2021-0016.
• Jovanovic, Dragan & Wey, Christian & Zhang, Mengxi, 2021, "On the social welfare effects of runner-up mergers in concentrated markets," DICE Discussion Papers, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE), number 371.
• Argentesi, Elena & Buccirossi, Paolo & Calvano, Emilio & Duso, Tomaso & Marrazzo, Alessia & Nava, Salvatore, 2021, "Merger Policy in Digital Markets: An Ex Post Assessment," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, volume 17, issue 1, pages 95-140.
• Banal-Estañol, Albert & Newham, Melissa & Seldeslachts, Jo, 2021, "Common Ownership in the U.S. Pharmaceutical Industry: A Network Analysis," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, volume 66, issue 1, pages 68-99, DOI: 10.1177/0003603X20985796.
• Affeldt, Pauline & Duso, Tomaso & Szücs, Florian, 2021, "25 years of European merger control," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, volume 76, pages 1-62.
• Argentesi, Elena & Buccirossi, Paolo & Cervone, Roberto & Duso, Tomaso & Marrazzo, Alessia, 2021, "The effect of mergers on variety in grocery retailing," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, volume 79, pages 1-19.
• Inderst, Roman & Thomas, Stefan, 2021, "The Scope and Limitations of Incorporating Externalities in Competition Analysis within a Consumer Welfare Approach," EconStor Preprints, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, number 253668.
• Alleman, James, 2021, "Bork's Hoax: Antitrust and the Internet Market," 23rd ITS Biennial Conference, Online Conference / Gothenburg 2021. Digital societies and industrial transformations: Policies, markets, and technologies in a post-Covid world, International Telecommunications Society (ITS), number 238003.
• Inderst, Roman & Thomas, Stefan, 2021, "Reflective Willingness to Pay: Preferences for Sustainable Consumption in a Consumer Welfare Analysis," LawFin Working Paper Series, Goethe University, Center for Advanced Studies on the Foundations of Law and Finance (LawFin), number 14, DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3755806.
• Budzinski, Oliver & Gänßle, Sophia & Lindstädt-Dreusicke, Nadine, 2021, "Wettbewerb und Antitrust in Unterhaltungsmärkten," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics, number 147.
• Budzinski, Oliver & Gänßle, Sophia & Lindstädt-Dreusicke, Nadine, 2021, "Data (r)evolution - The economics of algorithmic search and recommender services," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics, number 148.
• Stöhr, Annika, 2021, "Price effects of horizontal mergers: A retrospective on retrospectives," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics, number 151.
• Budzinski, Oliver, 2021, "Wettbewerbsordnung und digitale Medienmärkte," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics, number 153.
• Budzinski, Oliver & Mendelsohn, Juliane, 2021, "Regulating big tech: From competition policy to sector regulation?," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics, number 154.
• Budzinski, Oliver & Polk, Andreas, 2021, "Die 10. GWB-Novelle: Neue Wettbewerbsregeln für die Digitalökonomie," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics, number 155.
• Budzinski, Oliver, 2021, "Europäische Regulierung digitaler Dienste: Eine kritische Würdigung der Entwürfe DMA & DSA aus medienökonomischer Perspektive," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics, number 158.
• Noskova, Victoriia, 2021, "Voice assistants as gatekeepers for consumption? How information intermediaries shape competition," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics, number 161.
• Dertwinkel-Kalt, Markus & Wey, Christian, 2021, "Third-Degree Price Discrimination in Oligopoly When Markets Are Covered," VfS Annual Conference 2021 (Virtual Conference): Climate Economics, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association, number 242336.
• Dertwinkel-Kalt, Markus & Wey, Christian, 2021, "Multi-Product Pricing and Minimum Resale Price Maintenance," VfS Annual Conference 2021 (Virtual Conference): Climate Economics, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association, number 242338.
• Wein, Thomas, 2021, "Why abandoning the paradise? Stations incentives to reduce gasoline prices at first," VfS Annual Conference 2021 (Virtual Conference): Climate Economics, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association, number 242362.

2020

• Ofer Eldar & Lorenzo Magnolfi, 2020, "Regulatory Competition and the Market for Corporate Law," American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, American Economic Association, volume 12, issue 2, pages 60-98, May, DOI: 10.1257/mic.20180056.
• Ying Fan & Chenyu Yang, 2020, "Competition, Product Proliferation, and Welfare: A Study of the US Smartphone Market," American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, American Economic Association, volume 12, issue 2, pages 99-134, May, DOI: 10.1257/mic.20180182.
• Martin Watzinger & Thomas A. Fackler & Markus Nagler & Monika Schnitzer, 2020, "How Antitrust Enforcement Can Spur Innovation: Bell Labs and the 1956 Consent Decree," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, volume 12, issue 4, pages 328-359, November, DOI: 10.1257/pol.20190086.
• Jorge Alé-Chilet & Juan Pablo Atal, 2020, "Countervailing Market Power and Consumer Surplus: An Empirical Examination," AEA Papers and Proceedings, American Economic Association, volume 110, pages 579-583, May, DOI: 10.1257/pandp.20201012.
• Benjamin Radoc & Philip Amadeus Libre & Shanti Aubren Prado, 2020, "Incentive to squeal: an experiment on leniency programs for antitrust violators," Department of Economics, Ateneo de Manila University, Working Paper Series, Department of Economics, Ateneo de Manila University, number 202003, Mar.
• Ashita Allamraju & Palakh Jain & Chavi Asrani, undated, "MSMEs AND COMPETITION LAW IN INDIA: VICTIMS OR PERPETRATORS," Review of Socio - Economic Perspectives, Reviewsep, number 202048, DOI: 10.19275/RSEP074.
• Heng Ju & Ping Lin, 2020, "China's Anti-Monopoly Law and the role of economics in its enforcement," Russian Journal of Economics, ARPHA Platform, volume 6, issue 3, pages 219-238, September, DOI: 10.32609/j.ruje.6.56362.
• Svetlana B. Avdasheva & Svetlana V. Golovanova, 2020, "Concerted practice enforcement in Russia: How judicial review shapes the standards of evidence and number of enforcement targets," Russian Journal of Economics, ARPHA Platform, volume 6, issue 3, pages 239-257, September, DOI: 10.32609/j.ruje.63.51277.
• Natalia S. Pavlova & Andrey E. Shastitko & Alexander A. Kurdin, 2020, "The calling card of Russian digital antitrust," Russian Journal of Economics, ARPHA Platform, volume 6, issue 3, pages 258-276, September, DOI: 10.32609/j.ruje.6.53904.
• Geeta Gouri, 2020, "Convergence of competition policy, competition law and public interest in India," Russian Journal of Economics, ARPHA Platform, volume 6, issue 3, pages 277-293, September, DOI: 10.32609/j.ruje.6.51303.
• Eduardo Pontual Ribeiro, 2020, "Tropical medicine: The economics and the evolving practice of antitrust remedies in Brazil," Russian Journal of Economics, ARPHA Platform, volume 6, issue 3, pages 294-314, September, DOI: 10.32609/j.ruje.6.51143.
• Yannis Katsoulacos & Kalliopi Benetatou, 2020, "An economic approach to parallel imports effects and competition policy," Russian Journal of Economics, ARPHA Platform, volume 6, issue 3, pages 315-338, September, DOI: 10.32609/j.ruje.6.51250.
• Juliana Cardinale & Diego Petrecolla & Carlos Romero, 2020, "20 años de control de fusiones y adquisiciones en Argentina (1999-2019): Indicadores de desempeño," Ensayos de Política Económica, Departamento de Investigación Francisco Valsecchi, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina., volume 3, issue 2, pages 1-36, Octubre, DOI: 10.46553/ensayos.3.2.2020.p1-36.
• Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia (CNMC), 2020, "Estudio sobre el impacto de las bonificaciones en los precios de los billetes aéreos en territorios no peninsulares," Colección Estudios de Mercado, Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia (CNMC), number E/CNMC/005/18, Apr.
• Emanuela Ciapanna & Giacomo Roma, 2020, "Connected Italy," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers), Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area, number 573, Jul.
• Nenad Tešić, 2020, "Pravo Konkurencije U Kontekstu Ozakonjenih Monopolskih Struktura (Competition Law In Context Of Lawyed Monopoly Structure)," Ekonomske ideje i praksa, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Belgrade, issue 39, pages 37-59, December.
• Chiara Fumagalli & Massimo Motta & Emanuele Tarantino, 2020, "Shelving or Developing? The Acquisition of Potential Competitors under Financial Constraints," Working Papers, Barcelona School of Economics, number 1197, Jul.
• Massimo Motta & Martin Peitz, 2020, "Big Tech Mergers," Working Papers, Barcelona School of Economics, number 1198, Jul.
• Albert Banal-Estañol & Melissa Newham & Jo Seldeslachts, 2020, "Common Ownership in the US Pharmaceutical Industry: A Network Analysis," Working Papers, Barcelona School of Economics, number 1216, Nov.
• Farasat A. S. Bokhari & Franco Mariuzzo & Arnold Polanski, 2020, "Entry limiting agreements: First‐mover advantage, authorized generics, and pay‐for‐delay deals," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, volume 29, issue 3, pages 516-542, July, DOI: 10.1111/jems.12351.
• Matthias Hunold & Kai Hüschelrath & Ulrich Laitenberger & Johannes Muthers, 2020, "Competition, Collusion, and Spatial Sales Patterns: Theory and Evidence," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, volume 68, issue 4, pages 737-779, December, DOI: 10.1111/joie.12237.
• CARAGANCIU Anatolie & TIUHTII Constanta, 2020, "Analysis Of The Evolution Of Competition Policy And Regulation Methods In Romania, In Correlation With Their Origin And Historical Evolution," Revista Economica, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Faculty of Economic Sciences, volume 72, issue 4, pages 8-34, December.
• Massimo Motta & Martin Peitz, 2020, "Big Tech Mergers," CRC TR 224 Discussion Paper Series, University of Bonn and University of Mannheim, Germany, number crctr224_2020_147v2, May.
• Jens-Uwe Franck & Dimitrios Linardatos, 2020, "Germany’s ‘Lex Apple Pay’: Payment Service Regulation Overtakes Competition Enforcement," CRC TR 224 Discussion Paper Series, University of Bonn and University of Mannheim, Germany, number crctr224_2020_173, May.
• Jens-Uwe Franck & Dimitrios Linardatos, 2020, "Germany’s ‘Lex Apple Pay’: Payment Services Regulation Overtakes Competition Enforcement," CRC TR 224 Discussion Paper Series, University of Bonn and University of Mannheim, Germany, number crctr224_2020_173v2, Jun.
• Chiara Fumagalli & Massimo Motta & Martin Peitz, 2020, "Which Role for State Aid and Merger Control During and After the COVID Crisis?," CRC TR 224 Discussion Paper Series, University of Bonn and University of Mannheim, Germany, number crctr224_2020_184, Jun.
• Jens-Uwe Franck & Nils Stock, 2020, "What Is 'Competition Law'? - Measuring EU Member States' Leeway to Regulate Platform-to-Business Agreements," CRC TR 224 Discussion Paper Series, University of Bonn and University of Mannheim, Germany, number crctr224_2020_202, Aug.
• Massimo Motta & Martin Peitz, 2020, "Removal of Potential Competitors – A Blind Spot of Merger Policy?," CRC TR 224 Discussion Paper Series, University of Bonn and University of Mannheim, Germany, number crctr224_2020_208, Aug.
• Lascov Victor & Tiuhtii ConstanÈ›a, 2020, "Competition Policy Influencing Macroeconomic Development," Management Strategies Journal, Constantin Brancoveanu University, volume 50, issue 4, pages 97-103.
• Benoît Berquier, 2020, "Réforme du contrôle des concentrations en Europe et demandes de renvoi : vers une sectorisation ?," Revue d'économie industrielle, De Boeck Université, volume 0, issue 2, pages 9-48.
• Nathalie de Marcellis-Warin & Frédéric Marty & Eva Thelisson & Thierry Warin, 2020, "Intelligence artificielle et manipulations des comportements de marché : l’évaluation ex ante dans l’arsenal du régulateur," Revue internationale de droit économique, De Boeck Université, volume 0, issue 2, pages 203-245.
• Germán Coloma, 2020, "The Enforcement of the Argentine Antitrust Law," CEMA Working Papers: Serie Documentos de Trabajo., Universidad del CEMA, number 748, Sep.
• Axel Gautier & Joe Lamesch, 2020, "Mergers in the Digital Economy," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 8056.
• Pauline Affeldt & Tomaso Duso & Florian Szücs, 2020, "25 Years of European Merger Control," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 8213.
• Albert Banal-Estañol & Tomaso Duso & Jo Seldeslachts & Florian Szücs, 2020, "R&D Spillovers through RJV Cooperation," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 8507.
• Markus Dertwinkel-Kalt & Christian Wey, 2020, "Third-Degree Price Discrimination in Oligopoly When Markets Are Covered," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 8785.
• Thierry Kirat & Frédéric Marty, 2020, "The Late Emerging Consensus Among American Economists on Antitrust Laws in the Second New Deal (1935-1941) (Revised Version)," CIRANO Working Papers, CIRANO, number 2020s-46, Aug.
• Nathalie De Marcellis-Warin & Frédéric Marty & Eva Thelisson & Thierry Warin, 2020, "Artificial Intelligence and Market Manipulations: Ex-ante Evaluation in the Regulator's Arsenal," CIRANO Working Papers, CIRANO, number 2020s-64, Dec.
• Vanessa Alviarez & Keith Head & Thierry Mayer, 2020, "Global Giants and Local Stars: How Changes in Brand Ownership Affect Competition," Working Papers, CEMFI, number wp2020_2009, Jun.
• GAUTIER Axel, & LAMESCH Joe,, 2020, "Mergers in the digital economy," LIDAM Discussion Papers CORE, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE), number 2020001, Jan.
• Gautier, Axel & Lamesch, Joe, 2020, "Mergers in the Digital Economy," LIDAM Reprints CORE, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE), number 3136, Dec, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoecopo.
• Horn, Henrik, 2020, "International Jurisdiction over Standard-Essential Patents," CEPR Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Policy Research, number 14297, Jan.
• Motta, Massimo & Peitz, Martin, 2020, "Big Tech Mergers," CEPR Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Policy Research, number 14353, Jan.
• Emons, Winand & Lenhard, Severin, 2020, "Rebating Antitrust Fines to Encourage Private Damages Actions," CEPR Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Policy Research, number 14369, Jan.
• Carletti, Elena & Ongena, Steven & Siedlarek, Jan-Peter & Spagnolo, Giancarlo, 2020, "The Impacts of Stricter Merger Legislation on Bank Mergers and Acquisitions: Too-Big-To-Fail and Competition," CEPR Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Policy Research, number 14449, Feb.
• Peukert, Christian & Bechtold, Stefan & Batikas, Michail & Kretschmer, Tobias, 2020, "European Privacy Law and Global Markets for Data," CEPR Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Policy Research, number 14475, Mar.
• Affeldt, Pauline & Duso, Tomaso & Szücs, Florian, 2020, "25 Years of European Merger Control," CEPR Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Policy Research, number 14548, Apr.
• Ennis, Sean & Ivaldi, Marc & Lagos, Vicente, 2020, "Price Parity Clauses for Hotel Room Booking: Empirical Evidence from Regulatory Change," CEPR Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Policy Research, number 14771, May.
• Ivaldi, Marc & Zhang, Jiekai, 2020, "Platform Mergers: Lessons from a Case in the Digital TV Market," CEPR Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Policy Research, number 14895, Jun.
• Fumagalli, Chiara & Motta, Massimo & Tarantino, Emanuele, 2020, "Shelving or developing? Optimal policy for mergers with potential competitors," CEPR Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Policy Research, number 15113, Jul.
• Banal-Estanol, Albert & Duso, Tomaso & Seldeslachts, Jo & Szücs, Florian, 2020, "R&D Spillovers through RJV Cooperation," CEPR Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Policy Research, number 15155, Aug.
• Aghadadashli, Hamid & Legros, Patrick, 2020, "Let’s Collude," CEPR Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Policy Research, number 15241, Sep.
• Johnson, Justin & Rhodes, Andrew & Wildenbeest, Matthijs, 2020, "Platform Design When Sellers Use Pricing Algorithms," CEPR Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Policy Research, number 15504, Nov.
• Artem Ivanov, 2020, "Analysis of Differences in the Systems of Anti-Monopoly and Regulatory Policies of States," Electronic magazine "Dialogue", D. A. Tsenov Academy of Economics, Svishtov, Bulgaria, issue 1 Year 20, pages 43-51.
• Albert Banal-Estañol & Tomaso Duso & Jo Seldeslachts & Florian Szücs, 2020, "R&D Spillovers throught RJV Cooperation," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, number 1887.
• Albert Banal-Estanol & Melissa Newham & Jo Seldeslachts, 2020, "Common Ownership in the US Pharmaceutical Industry: A Network Analysis," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, number 1918.
• Zhijun Chen & Chongwoo Choe & Jiajia Cong & Noriaki Matsushima, 2020, "Data-driven mergers and personalization," ISER Discussion Paper, Institute of Social and Economic Research, The University of Osaka, number 1108, Nov.
• Ostrovsky, Michael, 2020, "Choice Screen Auctions," Research Papers, Stanford University, Graduate School of Business, number 3912, Nov.
• Dissanaike, Gishan & Drobetz, Wolfgang & Momtaz, Paul P., 2020, "Competition Policy and the Profitability of Corporate Acquisitions," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, volume 62, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2019.101510.
• Dertwinkel-Kalt, Markus & Wey, Christian, 2020, "Multi-product bargaining, bundling, and buyer power," Economics Letters, Elsevier, volume 188, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2019.108936.
• Katsoulacos, Yannis & Ulph, David, 2020, "Optimal legal standards for competition policy further re-visited," Economics Letters, Elsevier, volume 196, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2020.109578.
• Duso, Tomaso & Szücs, Florian & Böckers, Veit, 2020, "Abuse of dominance and antitrust enforcement in the German electricity market," Energy Economics, Elsevier, volume 92, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2020.104936.
• Maruyama, Masayoshi & Zennyo, Yusuke, 2020, "Platform most-favored-customer clauses and investment incentives," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, volume 70, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijindorg.2020.102617.
• Emons, Winand, 2020, "The effectiveness of leniency programs when firms choose the degree of collusion," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, volume 70, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijindorg.2020.102619.
• Jochem, Annabelle & Parrotta, Pierpaolo & Valletta, Giacomo, 2020, "The impact of the 2002 reform of the EU leniency program on cartel outcomes," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, volume 71, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijindorg.2020.102640.
• Fumagalli, Chiara & Motta, Massimo, 2020, "Tying in evolving industries, when future entry cannot be deterred," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, volume 73, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijindorg.2019.102567.
• Katsoulacos, Yannis & Motchenkova, Evgenia & Ulph, David, 2020, "Combining cartel penalties and private damage actions: The impact on cartel prices," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, volume 73, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijindorg.2020.102604.
• Azar, José & Marinescu, Ioana & Steinbaum, Marshall & Taska, Bledi, 2020, "Concentration in US labor markets: Evidence from online vacancy data," Labour Economics, Elsevier, volume 66, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2020.101886.
• Helfrich, Magdalena & Herweg, Fabian, 2020, "Context-dependent preferences and retailing: Vertical restraints on internet sales," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, volume 87, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2020.101556.
• Carmen Pastor Sempere, 2020, "La digitalización del dinero y los pagos en la economía de mercado digital pos-COVID," EKONOMIAZ. Revista vasca de Economía, Gobierno Vasco / Eusko Jaurlaritza / Basque Government, volume 98, issue 03, pages 297-321.
• Albert Banal-Estanol & Melissa Newham & Jo Seldeslachts, 2020, "Common ownership in the US pharmaceutical industry: A network analysis," Working Papers of Department of Management, Strategy and Innovation, Leuven, KU Leuven, Faculty of Economics and Business (FEB), Department of Management, Strategy and Innovation, Leuven, number 663270, Nov.
• Frédéric Marty, 2020, "Is the Consumer Welfare Obsolete? A European Union Competition Law Perspective," GREDEG Working Papers, Groupe de REcherche en Droit, Economie, Gestion (GREDEG CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur, France, number 2020-13, Mar.
• Frédéric Marty, 2020, "L'approche plus économique en matière d'application des règles de concurrence," GREDEG Working Papers, Groupe de REcherche en Droit, Economie, Gestion (GREDEG CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur, France, number 2020-16, Apr.
• Patrice Bougette & Frédéric Marty, 2020, "Information Exchange among Firms: The Coherence of Justice Brandeis' Regulated Competition Approach," GREDEG Working Papers, Groupe de REcherche en Droit, Economie, Gestion (GREDEG CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur, France, number 2020-56, Dec, revised Feb 2021.
• Olasunkanmi Olusogo OLAGUNJU, 2020, "A Pr�cis on Intellectual Property Rights: Challenges and Prospects for Nigeria's Economy," GATR Journals, Global Academy of Training and Research (GATR) Enterprise, number gjbssr566, Sep.
• Matthias Hunold & Kai Hüschelrath & Ulrich Laitenberger & Johannes Muthers, 2020, "Competition, collusion and spatial sales patterns – theory and evidence," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-02436944, DOI: 10.1111/joie.12237.
• Sven Heim & Kai Hüschelrath & Ulrich Laitenberger & Yossi Spiegel, 2022, "The Anticompetitive Effect of Minority Share Acquisitions: Evidence from the Introduction of National Leniency Programs," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-02918873, Feb.
• Annabelle Jochem & Pierpaolo Parrotta & Giacomo Valletta, 2020, "The impact of the 2002 reform of the EU leniency program on cartel outcomes," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-03131313, Jul, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijindorg.2020.102640.
• Nathalie de Marcellis-Warin & Frédéric Marty & Eva Thelisson & Thierry Warin, 2020, "Artificial Intelligence and Market Manipulations: Ex-ante Evaluation in the Regulator's Arsenal," Working Papers, HAL, number halshs-03041690, Dec.
• Patrice Bougette & Frédéric Marty, 2020, "Information Exchange among Firms: The Coherence of Justice Brandeis' Regulated Competition Approach," Working Papers, HAL, number halshs-03086314, Dec.
• Zoltán Pápai & Aliz McLean & Péter Nagy & Gábor Szabó & Gergely Csorba, 2020, "The Impact Of Network Sharing On Competition: The Challenges Posed By Early Versus Mature 5g," KRTK-KTI WORKING PAPERS, Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, number 2033, Jul.
• Horn, Henrik, 2020, "International Jurisdiction over Standard-Essential Patents," Working Paper Series, Research Institute of Industrial Economics, number 1314, Jan, revised 13 Feb 2023.
• Thomas Giebe & Miyu Lee, 2020, "Competitors in merger control: Shall they be merely heard or also listened to?," European Journal of Law and Economics, Springer, volume 49, issue 3, pages 431-453, June, DOI: 10.1007/s10657-020-09649-3.
• Marco Botta & Klaus Wiedemann, 2020, "To discriminate or not to discriminate? Personalised pricing in online markets as exploitative abuse of dominance," European Journal of Law and Economics, Springer, volume 50, issue 3, pages 381-404, December, DOI: 10.1007/s10657-019-09636-3.
• Klaus S. Friesenbichler, 2020, "Does EU-accession affect domestic market structures and firm level productivity?," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, volume 47, issue 2, pages 343-364, May, DOI: 10.1007/s10663-018-9423-9.
• Carlo Capuano & Iacopo Grassi & Riccardo Martina, 2020, "Patent protection and threat of litigation in oligopoly," Journal of Economics, Springer, volume 130, issue 2, pages 109-131, July, DOI: 10.1007/s00712-019-00685-5.
• Matteo Alvisi & Emanuela Carbonara, 2020, "Cocktails done right: price competition and welfare when substitutes become complements," Journal of Economics, Springer, volume 131, issue 1, pages 1-38, September, DOI: 10.1007/s00712-020-00690-z.
• Maxim Sinitsyn, 2020, "Evaluating horizontal mergers in the presence of price promotions," Quantitative Marketing and Economics (QME), Springer, volume 18, issue 1, pages 39-60, March, DOI: 10.1007/s11129-019-09213-7.
• Ariel A. Casarin & Magdalena Cornejo & María Eugenia Delfino, 2020, "Market Power Absent Merger Review: Brewing in Perú," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, volume 56, issue 3, pages 535-556, May, DOI: 10.1007/s11151-019-09703-8.
• Lawrence J. White, 2020, "A “Primarily Property” Presumption Is—Still—Really Needed for the IP/Antitrust Interface," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, volume 56, issue 4, pages 715-737, June, DOI: 10.1007/s11151-020-09760-4.
• Keith N. Hylton & Wendy Xu, 2020, "Error Costs, Ratio Tests, and Patent Antitrust Law," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, volume 56, issue 4, pages 563-591, June, DOI: 10.1007/s11151-020-09761-3.
• Ioannis N. Pinopoulos, 2020, "Input Price Discrimination and Upstream R&D Investments," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, volume 57, issue 1, pages 85-106, August, DOI: 10.1007/s11151-019-09713-6.
• María C. Avramovich, 2020, "The Welfare Implications of the Meeting Design of a Cartel," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, volume 57, issue 1, pages 59-83, August, DOI: 10.1007/s11151-019-09718-1.
• Ran Jing & Jiong Gong & Fang Yi, 2020, "Antitrust Fines: Experiences from China," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, volume 57, issue 1, pages 167-187, August, DOI: 10.1007/s11151-019-09743-0.
• Yannis Katsoulacos & Evgenia Motchenkova & David Ulph, 2020, "Penalising on the Basis of the Severity of the Offence: A Sophisticated Revenue-Based Cartel Penalty," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, volume 57, issue 3, pages 627-646, November, DOI: 10.1007/s11151-019-09738-x.
• Watzinger, Martin & Fackler, Thomas A. & Nagler, Markus & Schnitzer, Monika, 2020, "How Antitrust Enforcement Can Spur Innovation: Bell Labs and the 1956 Consent Decree," Munich Reprints in Economics, University of Munich, Department of Economics, number 84713.
• Thomas Wein, 2020, "Cartel behavior and efficient sanctioning by criminal sentences," Working Paper Series in Economics, University of Lüneburg, Institute of Economics, number 390, Jul.
• Thomas Wein, 2020, "Why abandoning the paradise? Stations incentives to reduce gasoline prices at first," Working Paper Series in Economics, University of Lüneburg, Institute of Economics, number 394, Aug.
• Ana Rodrigues Bidarra, 2020, "Da confluência entre Big Data e Direito da Concorrência: As concentrações digitais - O caso Facebook/WhatsApp," GEE Papers, Direção-Geral da Economia – DGE (Directorate-General of the Economy), number 0148, Apr, revised Apr 2020.
• Oren Bar-Gill, 2020, "Consumer Misperception in a Hotelling Model: With and Without Price Discrimination," Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics (JITE), Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, volume 176, issue 1, pages 180-203, DOI: 10.1628/jite-2020-0021.
• Takemasa Sekine, 2020, "Possibility of Developing and Expanding the Regulation of Subsidies through Free Trade Agreements (FTAs): ―Analysis Focusing on a Trend in FTAs Concluded by the EU―," Public Policy Review, Policy Research Institute, Ministry of Finance Japan, volume 16, issue 5, pages 1-33, August.
• Zhijun Chen & pch346 & Chongwoo Choe & Jiajia Cong & Noriaki Matsushima, 2020, "Data-Driven Mergers and Personalization," Monash Economics Working Papers, Monash University, Department of Economics, number 16-20, Dec.
• Ross Levine & Chen Lin & Lai Wei & Wensi Xie, 2020, "Competition Laws and Corporate Innovation," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 27253, May.
• Thomas G. Wollmann, 2020, "How to Get Away with Merger: Stealth Consolidation and Its Effects on US Healthcare," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 27274, May.
• Wenzhi Ding & Ross Levine & Chen Lin & Wensi Xie, 2020, "Competition Laws, Norms and Corporate Social Responsibility," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 27493, Jul.
• Ioana Marinescu & Ivan Ouss & Louis-Daniel Pape, 2020, "Wages, Hires, and Labor Market Concentration," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 28084, Nov.
• Michael Ostrovsky, 2020, "Choice Screen Auctions," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 28091, Nov.
• Louis Kaplow, 2020, "Horizonal Merger Analysis," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 28189, Dec.
• Nicholas Economides & Ioannis Lianos, 2020, "Antitrust and Restrictions on Privacy in the Digital Economy," Working Papers, NET Institute, number 20-03, Jan.
• Nicholas Economides & Ioannis Lianos, 2020, "Restrictions on Privacy and Exploitation in the Digital Economy: A Market Failure Perspective," Working Papers, NET Institute, number 20-05, Sep.
• Nicholas Economides & Ioannis Lianos, 2021, "Restrictions on Privacy and Exploitation in the Digital Economy: A Market Failure Perspective," Working Papers, NET Institute, number 21-02, Jan, revised Jan 2021.
• Andreea-Emanuela Drăgoi, 2020, "Supporting the EU Economy through State Aid during COVID-19 Crisis. A Comparative Approach," Global Economic Observer, "Nicolae Titulescu" University of Bucharest, Faculty of Economic Sciences;Institute for World Economy of the Romanian Academy, volume 8, issue 1, pages 11-18, May.
• Michael Böheim, 2020, "Wettbewerbspolitik in Österreich im europäischen Kontext – Rückblick und Ausblick 25 Jahre nach dem EU-Beitritt," Monetary Policy & the Economy, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue Q1-Q2/20, pages 155-168.
• SCURT Ciprian, 2020, "The Exchange Of Information Between Competitors And The Antitrust Rules," Annals of Faculty of Economics, University of Oradea, Faculty of Economics, volume 1, issue 1, pages 575-585, July.
• SCURT Ciprian, 2020, "The Competition Policy Framework For Excessive Pricing," Annals of Faculty of Economics, University of Oradea, Faculty of Economics, volume 1, issue 2, pages 381-389, December.
• Or Brook, 2020, "Priority Setting as A Double-Edged Sword: How Modernization Strengthened the Role of Public Policy," Journal of Competition Law and Economics, Oxford University Press, volume 16, issue 4, pages 435-487.
• Pukar KC, 2020, "Non-stop Love: A Study of Entry Barriers in the Airline Industry Using Policy Changes at Dallas Love Field," Eastern Economic Journal, Palgrave Macmillan;Eastern Economic Association, volume 46, issue 3, pages 379-413, June, DOI: 10.1057/s41302-019-00165-0.
• Rigó, Csaba Balázs & Tóth, András, 2020, "The Symbolic Significance of Digital Services Tax and its Practical Consequences," Public Finance Quarterly, Corvinus University of Budapest, volume 65, issue 4, pages 515-530, DOI: https://doi.org/10.35551/PFQ_2020_4.
• Jéssica Dutra & Tarun Sabarwal, 2020, "Antitrust analysis with upward pricing pressure and cost efficiencies," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, volume 15, issue 1, pages 1-31, January, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227418.
• Blogg, Jonathan, 2020, "The Myths and Facts of Patent Troll and Excessive Payment: Have Non-Practicing Entities (NPEs) Been Overcompensated? - A Commentary," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 100069, Apr.
• Gorecki, Paul, 2020, "The Berendsen (Elis)/Kings Laundry Merger: Three Into Two Won’t Go," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 100477, May.
• Balisacan, Arsenio M., 2020, "Toward a Fairer Society: Inequality and Competition Policy in Developing Asia," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 100797, Jan.
• Dimitrova, Darina & Mateeva, Zhivka, 2020, "Административен Контрол И Административнонаказателна Отговорност За Защита На Потребителите
  [Role of the administrative control and the administrative-penal liability for the consumer protection]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 100882.
• Haraguchi, Junichi & Matsumura, Toshihiro, 2020, "Common Ownership among Private Firms and Privatization Policies," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 102152, Jul.
• Bayari, Celal, 2020, "South Korean Economy and the Free Trade Agreement with China," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 102938, May, revised 21 Jun 2020.
• Herz, Benedikt & Mejer, Malwina, 2020, "The effect of design protection on price and price dispersion: Evidence from automotive spare parts," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 104137, Jun, revised 01 Nov 2020.
• Bayari, Celal, 2020, "The Neoliberal Globalization Link to the Belt and Road Initiative: The State and State-Owned-Enterprises in China [alternative title: Bilateral and Multilateral Dualities of the Chinese State in the Construction of the Belt and Road Initiative]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 104471, May, revised 21 Jul 2020.
• Dimitrova, Darina, 2020, "По Някои Въпроси На Административноправната Защита На Правото На Труд
  [On some question of the administrative legal protection of the right to work]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 104624.
• Dimitrova, Diana, 2020, "Сивата Икономика – Актуални Мерки За Противодействие В Кт
  [Grey economy – actual measures for counteraction in the Labour code]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 104626.
• Paul, Cocioc, 2020, "Competition, Technocracy and Inequality," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 104754, Aug.
• Bukvić, Rajko, 2020, "Показатељи Тржишне Концентрације И Њихова Дискриминаторна Моћ: Пример Банковног Сектора Србије
  [Indicators of Market Concentration and Its Discriminatory Power: Example of the Banking Sector of Serbia]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 105218, revised 2020.
• Button, Kenneth & Porta, Flavio & Scotti, Davide, 2020, "The role of strategic airline alliances in Africa," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 108265.
• Herz, Benedikt & Mejer, Malwina, 2020, "The effect of design protection on price and price dispersion: Evidence from automotive spare parts," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 109645, Jun, revised 01 Sep 2021.
• Handler, Heinz, 2020, "Revamping Policy Governance in Austria: The EU’s impact 25 years on," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 110038, Jun.
• Fotis, Panagiotis & Tselekounis, Markos, 2020, "Optimal Reduction of Cartel Fines induced by the Settlement Procedure," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 99154, Mar.
• Shekhar, Shiva, 2020, "Zero Pricing Platform Competition," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 99364, Mar.
• Roedl, Marianne & Dupont, Genevieve, 2020, "Monetary policy implications of the COVID-19 outbreak, the social pandemic," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 99981, May.
• Lea Bernhardt, 2020, "Common factors of withdrawn and prohibited mergers in the European Union," Working Paper, Helmut Schmidt University, Hamburg, number 184/2020, Oct.
• Bob Carbaugh, 2020, "The Decline of College Textbook Publishing: Cengage Learning and McGraw-Hill," The American Economist, Sage Publications, volume 65, issue 2, pages 284-299, October, DOI: 10.1177/0569434520936621.
• Jorge Padilla & Joe Perkins & Salvatore Piccolo, 2020, "Self-Preferencing in Markets with Vertically-Integrated Gatekeeper Platforms," CSEF Working Papers, Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance (CSEF), University of Naples, Italy, number 582, Oct.
• Cynthia Marisol Vargas Orozco, 2020, "Sleeping On The Streets: A Perspective Of Migration In The Border Of Reynosa Tamaulipas, Mexico," International Journal of Social Sciences, International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, volume 9, issue 1, pages 113-131, March.
• Adam Karbowski, 2020, "A Note on Patents and Leniency," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 1, pages 97-108.
• Ovidiu Ioan Dumitru, 2020, "The Impact Of Aerospatiale - Alenia/De Havilland And Ryanair/Aer Lingus Cases On The Reform Of European Merger Control," Perspectives of Law and Public Administration, Societatea de Stiinte Juridice si Administrative (Society of Juridical and Administrative Sciences), volume 9, issue 1, pages 33-43, May.
• Ovidiu Horia Maican, 2020, "Legal Regime Of Competition In Hungary," Perspectives of Law and Public Administration, Societatea de Stiinte Juridice si Administrative (Society of Juridical and Administrative Sciences), volume 9, issue 2, pages 284-292, December.
• Kelly Benetatou & Yannis Katsoulacos & Ekaterini Kyriazidou & Galateia Makri, 2020, "Competition policy and labor productivity growth: some new evidence," Empirical Economics, Springer, volume 58, issue 6, pages 3035-3076, June, DOI: 10.1007/s00181-019-01656-x.
• Justus Haucap, 2020, "Plattformökonomie: neue Wettbewerbsregeln — Renaissance der Missbrauchsaufsicht
  [The Platform Economy: New Competition Rules — Renaissance of Antitrust Control of the Abuse of Market Power]," Wirtschaftsdienst, Springer;ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, volume 100, issue 1, pages 20-29, April, DOI: 10.1007/s10273-020-2611-9.
• Carroni, Elias & Madio, Leonardo & Shekhar, Shiva, 2020, "Superstars in two-sided markets: exclusives or not?," TSE Working Papers, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), number 20-1083, Mar.
• Ennis, Sean & Ivaldi, Marc & Lagos, Vicente, 2020, "Price Parity Clauses for Hotel Room Booking: Empirical Evidence from Regulatory Change," TSE Working Papers, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), number 20-1106, May.
• Ivaldi, Marc & Zhang, Jiekai, 2020, "Platform Mergers: Lessons from a Case in the Digital TV Market," TSE Working Papers, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), number 20-1112, Jun.
• Johnson, Justin Pappas & Rhodes, Andrew & Wildenbeest, Matthijs, 2020, "Platform Design when Sellers Use Pricing Algorithms," TSE Working Papers, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), number 20-1146, Sep.
• Winand Emons & Severin Lenhard, 2020, "Rebating Antitrust Fines to Encourage Private Damages Actions," Diskussionsschriften, Universitaet Bern, Departement Volkswirtschaft, number dp2002, Jan.
• John Asker & Heski Bar-Isaac, 2020, "Vertical Information Restraints: Pro- and Anticompetitive Impacts of Minimum-Advertised-Price Restrictions," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, volume 63, issue 1, pages 111-148, DOI: 10.1086/705920.
• Chiara Fumagalli & Massimo Motta, 2020, "Dynamic Vertical Foreclosure," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, volume 63, issue 4, pages 763-812, DOI: 10.1086/709584.
• Farasat A.S. Bokhari & Franco Mariuzzo & Arnold Polanski, 2020, "Entry limiting agreements: First mover advantage, authorized generics and pay-for-delay deals," Working Paper series, University of East Anglia, Centre for Competition Policy (CCP), Centre for Competition Policy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK., number 2015-05v4, Jan.
• Sean F. Ennis & Amelia Fletcher, 2020, "Developing international perspectives on digital competition policy," Working Paper series, University of East Anglia, Centre for Competition Policy (CCP), Centre for Competition Policy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK., number 2020-05, Aug.
• Bruce Lyons & Robert Sugden, 2020, "Transactional fairness and unfair price discrimination in consumer markets," Working Paper series, University of East Anglia, Centre for Competition Policy (CCP), Centre for Competition Policy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK., number 2020-07, Oct.
• Chiara Fumagalli & Massimo Motta & Emanuele Tarantino, 2020, "Shelving or developing? The acquisition of potential competitors under financial constraints," Economics Working Papers, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, number 1735, Jul.
• Massimo Motta & Martin Peitz, 2020, "Big tech mergers," Economics Working Papers, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, number 1736, Jul.
• Albert Banal-Estañol & Melissa Newham & Jo Seldeslachts, 2020, "Common ownership in the US pharmaceutical industry: A network analysis," Economics Working Papers, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, number 1752, Oct.
• Aleksandar Todorov, 2020, "Algorithms And The Competitive Ideal," Economic Science, education and the real economy: Development and interactions in the digital age, Publishing house Science and Economics Varna, issue 1, pages 147-158.
• Dertwinkel-Kalt, Markus & Köster, Mats, 2020, "Attention to online sales: The role of brand image concerns," DICE Discussion Papers, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE), number 335.
• Dertwinkel-Kalt, Markus & Wey, Christian, 2020, "Third-degree price discrimination in oligopoly when markets are covered," DICE Discussion Papers, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE), number 336.
• Duso, Tomaso & Szücs, Florian & Böckers, Veit, 2020, "Abuse of dominance and antitrust enforcement in the German electricity market," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, volume 92, pages 1-40.
• Inderst, Roman & Kotschedoff, Marco & Kuhlmann, Raphael, 2020, "Cartel Damage Mitigation from Retailers’ Store Brands," EconStor Preprints, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, number 253664.
• van der Zee, Eva, 2020, "Quantifying Benefits of Sustainability Agreements under Article 101 TFEU in terms of Human Well-Being," ILE Working Paper Series, University of Hamburg, Institute of Law and Economics, number 31.
• Pápai, Zoltán & McLean, Aliz & Nagy, Péter & Szabó, Gábor & Csorba, Gergely, 2020, "The impact of network sharing on competition: the challenges posed by early versus mature 5G," ITS Conference, Online Event 2020, International Telecommunications Society (ITS), number 224870.
• Büchel, Jan & Rusche, Christian, 2020, "Competition in the digital economy: An analysis of gatekeepers and regulations," IW policy papers, Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft (IW) / German Economic Institute, number 26/2020.
• Budzinski, Oliver, 2020, "The economics of international competition policy: New challenges in the light of digitization?," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics, number 135.
• Budzinski, Oliver & Gruésevaja, Marina & Noskova, Victoriia, 2020, "The economics of the German investigation of Facebook's data collection," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics, number 139.
• Budzinski, Oliver & Gänßle, Sophia & Stöhr, Annika, 2020, "Der Entwurf zur 10. GWB Novelle: Interventionismus oder Laissez-faire?," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics, number 140.
• Budzinski, Oliver & Gänßle, Sophia & Stöhr, Annika, 2020, "The draft for the 10th amendment of German competition law: Towards a new concept of "Outstanding relevance across markets"?," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics, number 142.
• Budzinski, Oliver & Stöhr, Annika, 2020, "Ministererlaubnis für Kartellfälle: Kooperation im Sinne des Gemeinwohls?," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics, number 143.
• Huppert, Caroline, 2020, "Die Fairsten werden die Letzten sein? Herausforderungen für die deutschen Wettbewerbsregeln durch die digitale Wirtschaft," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics, number 146.
• Ganglmair, Bernhard & Kann, Alexander & Tsanko, Ilona, 2020, "Markups for consumers," ZEW Discussion Papers, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, number 20-079.