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Markups for consumers

Author

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  • Ganglmair, Bernhard
  • Kann, Alexander
  • Tsanko, Ilona

Abstract

A central motivating factor for studying price markups is their effect on consumer welfare. Reported estimates of (firm-level) price markups in the literature, however, are often focused on industry or cross-country comparisons. These treat different industries equally rather than based on how relevant they are for consumers. We propose markup measures in which firm-level price markups are weighted according to consumption expenditures in the respective industries. Using a concordance table between consumption categories (otherwise used for the calculation of consumer price indices) and a firm's industry classification, we report results for Germany for the years 2002 through 2016. We find that consumption-weighted price markups are higher than the conventionally reported revenue-weighted markups. We further show that consumption-weighted markups have increased faster, in particular for medium-income households, which highlights a potential role of price markup as a contributing factor to changes of inequality in society.

Suggested Citation

  • Ganglmair, Bernhard & Kann, Alexander & Tsanko, Ilona, 2020. "Markups for consumers," ZEW Discussion Papers 20-079, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:zewdip:20079
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    1. Błażej, Mirosław & Górajski, Mariusz & Ulrichs, Magdalena, 2025. "Microdata-based output gap estimation using business tendency surveys," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
    • K21 - Law and Economics - - Regulation and Business Law - - - Antitrust Law
    • L11 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms
    • L40 - Industrial Organization - - Antitrust Issues and Policies - - - General

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