Yan Sun
Personal Details
| First Name: | Yan |
| Middle Name: | |
| Last Name: | Sun |
| Suffix: | |
| In ASCII letters: | |
| RePEc Short-ID: | psu450 |
| [This author has chosen not to make the email address public] | |
Affiliation
World Bank Group
Washington, District of Columbia (United States)http://www.worldbank.org/
RePEc:edi:wrldbus (more details at EDIRC)
Research output
Jump to: Working papers Articles BooksWorking papers
- Emran,M. Shahe & Sun,Yan - GSP05, 2015. "Are the children of uneducated farmers doubly disadvantaged ? farm, nonfarm and intergenerational educational mobility in rural China," Policy Research Working Paper Series 7459, The World Bank.
- Emran,Shahe & Sun,Yan - EAPCE, 2015. "Magical transition ? intergenerational educational and occupational mobility in rural China : 1988?2002," Policy Research Working Paper Series 7316, The World Bank.
- Ragasa, Catherine & Sun, Yan & Bryan, Elizabeth & Abate, Caroline & Atlaw, Alumu & Keita, Mahamadou Namori, 2013. "Organizational and institutional issues in climate change adaptation and risk management: Insights from practitioners’ survey in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Kenya, and Mali," IFPRI discussion papers 1279, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
- Gruère, Guillaume P. & Sun, Yan, 2012. "Measuring the contribution of Bt cotton adoption to India's cotton yields leap," IFPRI discussion papers 1170, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
- You, Liangzhi & Ringler, Claudia & Nelson, Gerald C. & Wood-Sichra, Ulrike & Robertson, Richard D. & Wood, Stanley & Guo, Zhe & Zhu, Tingju & Sun, Yan, 2010.
"What is the irrigation potential for Africa? A combined biophysical and socioeconomic approach,"
IFPRI discussion papers
993, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
- You, Liangzhi & Ringler, Claudia & Wood-Sichra, Ulrike & Robertson, Richard & Wood, Stanley & Zhu, Tingju & Nelson, Gerald & Guo, Zhe & Sun, Yan, 2011. "What is the irrigation potential for Africa? A combined biophysical and socioeconomic approach," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(6), pages 770-782.
- You, Liangzhi & Ringler, Claudia & Nelson, Gerald C. & Wood-Sichra, Ulrike & Robertson, Richard D. & Wood, Stanley & Guo, Zhe & Zhu, Tingju & Sun, Yan, 2010. "What is the irrigation potential for Africa? A Combined Biophysical and Socioeconomic Approach," IFPRI Discussion Papers 93736, CGIAR, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
- Sun, Yan & Asante, Felix A. & Birner, Regina, 2010. "Opportunities and challenges of community-based rural drinking water supplies: An analysis of water and sanitation committees in Ghana," IFPRI discussion papers 1026, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
- McCarthy, Nancy & Sun, Yan, 2009.
"Participation by Men and Women in Off-Farm Activities: an Empirical Analysis in Rural Northern Ghana,"
2009 Conference, August 16-22, 2009, Beijing, China
51040, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
- McCarthy, N. & Sun, Y., 2009. "Participation by men and women in off-farm activities: An empirical analysis in rural northern Ghana," IFPRI discussion papers 852, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
- McCarthy, Nancy & Sun, Yan, 2004. "The Potential Role Of Price Insurance To Improve Welfare Of Honduran Coffee Producers," 2004 Annual meeting, August 1-4, Denver, CO 20347, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
- Sun, Yan & Mwangi, Esther & Meinzen-Dick, Ruth Suseela, "undated". "Gender, institutions and sustainability in the context of forest decentralization reforms in Latin America and East Africa," 2011 Annual Meeting, July 24-26, 2011, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 103456, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
Articles
- You, Liangzhi & Ringler, Claudia & Wood-Sichra, Ulrike & Robertson, Richard & Wood, Stanley & Zhu, Tingju & Nelson, Gerald & Guo, Zhe & Sun, Yan, 2011.
"What is the irrigation potential for Africa? A combined biophysical and socioeconomic approach,"
Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(6), pages 770-782.
- You, Liangzhi & Ringler, Claudia & Nelson, Gerald C. & Wood-Sichra, Ulrike & Robertson, Richard D. & Wood, Stanley & Guo, Zhe & Zhu, Tingju & Sun, Yan, 2010. "What is the irrigation potential for Africa? A Combined Biophysical and Socioeconomic Approach," IFPRI Discussion Papers 93736, CGIAR, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
- You, Liangzhi & Ringler, Claudia & Nelson, Gerald C. & Wood-Sichra, Ulrike & Robertson, Richard D. & Wood, Stanley & Guo, Zhe & Zhu, Tingju & Sun, Yan, 2010. "What is the irrigation potential for Africa? A combined biophysical and socioeconomic approach," IFPRI discussion papers 993, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
Books
RePEc:wbk:wbpubs:2410 is not listed on IDEAS
Citations
Many of the citations below have been collected in an experimental project, CitEc, where a more detailed citation analysis can be found. These are citations from works listed in RePEc that could be analyzed mechanically. So far, only a minority of all works could be analyzed. See under "Corrections" how you can help improve the citation analysis.Working papers
- Emran,Shahe & Sun,Yan - EAPCE, 2015.
"Magical transition ? intergenerational educational and occupational mobility in rural China : 1988?2002,"
Policy Research Working Paper Series
7316, The World Bank.
Cited by:
- Ahsan, Md Nazmul & Emran, M. Shahe & Shilpi, Forhad, 2024.
"Complementarities and intergenerational educational mobility: Theory and evidence from Indonesia,"
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 170-191.
- Ahsan, Nazmul & Emran, M. Shahe & Shilpi, Forhad, 2021. "Complementarities and Intergenerational Educational Mobility: Theory and Evidence from Indonesia," MPRA Paper 111125, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Rubaiya Murshed & Mohammad Riaz Uddin, 2024. "Trends in Intergenerational Education Mobility in Bangladesh," Journal of South Asian Development, , vol. 19(2), pages 250-277, August.
- Meng, Xin & Zhao, Guochang, 2021. "The long shadow of a large scale education interruption: The intergenerational effect," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
- Poulomi Roy & Rilina Basu & Shishir Roy, 2022. "A Socio Economic Perspective of Intergenerational Educational Mobility: Experience in West Bengal," Journal of Quantitative Economics, Springer;The Indian Econometric Society (TIES), vol. 20(4), pages 903-929, December.
- Ahsan, Md Nazmul & Emran, M. Shahe & Shilpi, Forhad, 2024.
"Complementarities and intergenerational educational mobility: Theory and evidence from Indonesia,"
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 170-191.
- Gruère, Guillaume P. & Sun, Yan, 2012.
"Measuring the contribution of Bt cotton adoption to India's cotton yields leap,"
IFPRI discussion papers
1170, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
Cited by:
- Spielman, David J. & Ma, Xingliang, 2014. "Intellectual property rights, technology diffusion, and agricultural development: Cross-country evidence," IFPRI discussion papers 1345, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
- Iizuka, M. & Thutupalli, A., 2014. "Globalization, the rise of biotechnology and catching up in agricultural innovation: The case of Bt technology in India," MERIT Working Papers 2014-054, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).
- Ndegwa, Michael K. & Ward, Patrick S. & Shee, Apurba & You, Liangzhi, 2025. "Rural credit, food security, and resilience: An empirical evaluation from Kenya," IFPRI discussion papers 2351, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
- Ward, Patrick S. & Ortega, David L. & Spielman, David J. & Singh, Vartika, 2013. "Farmer preferences for drought tolerance in hybrid versus inbred rice: Evidence from Bihar, India," IFPRI discussion papers 1307, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
- Spielman, David J. & Kennedy, Adam, 2016. "Towards better metrics and policymaking for seed system development: Insights from Asia's seed industry," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 111-122.
- Ma, Xingliang & Smale, Melinda & Spielman, David & Zambrano, Patricia & Nazli, Hina & Zaidi, Fatima, 2016.
"A question of integrity: Variants of Bt cotton, pesticides, and productivity in Pakistan,"
2016 Annual Meeting, July 31-August 2, Boston, Massachusetts
235527, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
- Xingliang Ma & Melinda Smale & David J. Spielman & Patricia Zambrano & Hina Nazli & Fatima Zaidi, 2017. "A Question of Integrity: Variants of Bt Cotton, Pesticides and Productivity in Pakistan," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 68(2), pages 366-385, June.
- Ward, Patrick S. & Ortega, David L. & Spielman, David J. & Singh, Vartika, 2014. "Heterogeneous Demand for Drought-Tolerant Rice: Evidence from Bihar, India," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 125-139.
- Ajay Thutupalli & Michiko Iizuka, 2016. "Catching-up in agricultural innovation: the case of Bacillus thuringiensis cotton in India," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 25(6), pages 923-940.
- Spielman, David J. & Kolady, Deepthi E. & Cavalieri, Anthony & Rao, N. Chandrasekhara, 2014.
"The seed and agricultural biotechnology industries in India: An analysis of industry structure, competition, and policy options,"
Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 88-100.
- Spielman, David J. & Kolady, Deepthi Elizabeth & Chandrasekhara Rao, N. & Cavalieri, Anthony J., 2011. "The seed and agricultural biotechnology industries in India: An analysis of industry structure, competition, and policy options," IFPRI discussion papers 1103, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
- Ma, Xingliang & Smale, Melinda & Spielman, David J. & Zambrano, Patricia & Nazli, Hina & Zaidi, Fatima, 2016. "Varietal integrity, damage abatement, and productivity: Evidence from the cultivation of Bt cotton in Pakistan," IFPRI discussion papers 1520, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
- S.S. Kalamkar, 2013. "Biotechnology in Indian Agriculture: Review of Adoption and Performance of Bt Cotton," Millennial Asia, , vol. 4(2), pages 211-236, October.
- You, Liangzhi & Ringler, Claudia & Nelson, Gerald C. & Wood-Sichra, Ulrike & Robertson, Richard D. & Wood, Stanley & Guo, Zhe & Zhu, Tingju & Sun, Yan, 2010.
"What is the irrigation potential for Africa? A combined biophysical and socioeconomic approach,"
IFPRI discussion papers
993, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
- You, Liangzhi & Ringler, Claudia & Wood-Sichra, Ulrike & Robertson, Richard & Wood, Stanley & Zhu, Tingju & Nelson, Gerald & Guo, Zhe & Sun, Yan, 2011. "What is the irrigation potential for Africa? A combined biophysical and socioeconomic approach," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(6), pages 770-782.
- You, Liangzhi & Ringler, Claudia & Nelson, Gerald C. & Wood-Sichra, Ulrike & Robertson, Richard D. & Wood, Stanley & Guo, Zhe & Zhu, Tingju & Sun, Yan, 2010. "What is the irrigation potential for Africa? A Combined Biophysical and Socioeconomic Approach," IFPRI Discussion Papers 93736, CGIAR, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
Cited by:
- Nunez, Paula & Colmenero, Alberto, 2011. "Ague, agricultura y desarrollo: avances y retos para la reduccion de la pobreza," Revista Espanola de Estudios Agrosociales y Pesqueros, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Rural y Marino (formerly Ministry of Agriculture), issue 230, pages 1-28.
- Njeru, Timothy & Mano, Yukichi & Otsuka, Keijiro, 2015.
"Role of Access to Credit in Rice Production in Sub Saharan Africa: The Case of Mwea Irrigation Scheme in Kenya,"
2015 Conference, August 9-14, 2015, Milan, Italy
212532, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
- Timothy N. Njeru & Yukichi Mano & Keijiro Otsuka, 2016. "Role of Access to Credit in Rice Production in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case of Mwea Irrigation Scheme in Kenya," Journal of African Economies, Centre for the Study of African Economies, vol. 25(2), pages 300-321.
- van der Windt, Peter Cornelis & Humphreys, Macartan & Medina, Lily & Timmons, Jeffrey & Voors, Maarten, 2020.
"Citizen Attitudes towards Traditional and State Authorities: Substitutes or Complements?,"
SocArXiv
j9e57, Center for Open Science.
- van der Windt, Peter & Humphreys, Macartan & Medina, Lily & Timmons, Jeffrey F. & Voors, Maarten, 2019. "Citizen Attitudes Toward Traditional and State Authorities: Substitutes or Complements?," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 52(12), pages 1810-1840.
- Mwaura, Francis M. & Muwanika, Fred R., 2018. "Providing irrigation water as a public utility to enhance agricultural productivity in Uganda," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 99-109.
- Admasu, Wubante Fetene & Van Passel, Steven & Nyssen, Jan & Minale, Amare Sewnet & Tsegaye, Enyew Adgo, 2021. "Eliciting farmers’ preferences and willingness to pay for land use attributes in Northwest Ethiopia: A discrete choice experiment study," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
- von Braun, Joachim & Beyene Chichaibelu, Bezawit & Laborde, David & Torero Cullen, Maximo, 2024. "Cost of Ending Hunger – Consequences of Complacency, and Financial Needs for SDG2 Achievement," Discussion Papers 343159, University of Bonn, Center for Development Research (ZEF).
- Faye, Amy & von Braun, Joachim, 2025. "Uptake and profitability of small-scale irrigation in the Sahel: insights from the literature and survey data," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
- Domenech, Laia & Ringler, Claudia, 2013. "The impact of irrigation on nutrition, health, and gender: A review paper with insights for Africa south of the Sahara," IFPRI discussion papers 1259, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
- Klinnert, Ana & Rogna, Marco & Barbosa, Ana Luisa & Tillie, Pascal & Baldoni, Edoardo, 2025. "The potential of irrigation for cereals production in Sub–Saharan Africa: A machine learning application for emulating crop growth at large scale," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 314(C).
- Xie, Hua & You, Liangzhi & Dile, Yihun T. & Worqlul, Abeyou W. & Bizimana, Jean-Claude & Srinivasan, Raghavan & Richardson, James W. & Gerik, Thomas & Clark, Neville, 2021. "Mapping development potential of dry-season small-scale irrigation in Sub-Saharan African countries under joint biophysical and economic constraints - An agent-based modeling approach with an application to Ethiopia," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 186(C).
- Khadim, Fahad Khan & Dokou, Zoi & Bagtzoglou, Amvrossios C. & Yang, Meijian & Lijalem, Girmachew Addisu & Anagnostou, Emmanouil, 2021. "A numerical framework to advance agricultural water management under hydrological stress conditions in a data scarce environment," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
- Margherita Calderone & Jean-Francois Maystadt & Liangzhi You, 2013.
"Local Warming and Violent Conflict in North and South Sudan,"
LICOS Discussion Papers
33513, LICOS - Centre for Institutions and Economic Performance, KU Leuven.
- Maystadt, Jean-François & You, Liangzhi & Calderone, Margherita Bernal, 2013. "Local warming and violent conflict in North and South Sudan," IFPRI discussion papers 1276, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
- Jean-François Maystadt & Margherita Calderone & Liangzhi You, 2015. "Local warming and violent conflict in North and South Sudan," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 15(3), pages 649-671.
- Margherita Calderone & Jean-Francois Maystadt & Liangzhi You, 2013. "Local Warming and Violent Conflict in North and South Sudan," HiCN Working Papers 149, Households in Conflict Network.
- Palazzo,Amanda & Valin,Hugo Jean Pierre & Batka,Miroslav & Havlík,Petr, 2019. "Investment Needs for Irrigation Infrastructure along Different Socioeconomic Pathways," Policy Research Working Paper Series 8744, The World Bank.
- Mekonnen, Dawit & Abate, Gashaw & Yimam, Seid, 2021.
"Irrigation and Agricultural Transformation in Ethiopia,"
2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual
315339, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
- Mekonnen, Dawit Kelemework & Abate, Gashaw T. & Yimam, Seid, 2022. "Irrigation and agricultural transformation in Ethiopia," IFPRI discussion papers 2159, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
- Elizabeth Bryan & Claire Chase & Mik Schulte, 2019. "Nutrition-Sensitive Irrigation and Water Management," World Bank Publications - Reports 32309, The World Bank Group.
- Bekoe, Joseph & Balana, Bedru B. & Nimoh, Fred, 2021. "Social cost-benefit analysis of investment in rehabilitation of multipurpose small reservoirs in northern Ghana using an ecosystem services-based approach," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
- Cenacchi, Nicola, 2014. "Drought risk reduction in agriculture: A review of adaptive strategies in East Africa and the Indo-Gangetic plain of South Asia," IFPRI discussion papers 1372, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
- Raymond van Der Wijngaart & John Helming & Claire Jacobs & Pedro Andres Garzon Delvaux & Steven Hoek & Sergio Gomez y Paloma, 2019. "Irrigation and irrigated agriculture potential in the Sahel: The case of the Niger river basin: Prospective review of the potential and constraints in a changing climate," JRC Research Reports JRC108657, Joint Research Centre.
- Gebeyanesh Zerssa & Debela Feyssa & Dong-Gill Kim & Bettina Eichler-Löbermann, 2021. "Challenges of Smallholder Farming in Ethiopia and Opportunities by Adopting Climate-Smart Agriculture," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-26, February.
- Franziska Schuenemann & James Thurlow & Stefan Meyer & Richard Robertson & Joao Rodrigues, 2018. "Evaluating irrigation investments in Malawi: economy†wide impacts under uncertainty and labor constraints," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 49(2), pages 237-250, March.
- Xie, Hua & You, Liangzhi & Takeshima, Hiroyuki, 2017. "Invest in small-scale irrigated agriculture: A national assessment on potential to expand small-scale irrigation in Nigeria," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 193(C), pages 251-264.
- Giller, Ken E. & Andersson, Jens & Delaune, Thomas & Silva, João Vasco & Descheemaeker, Katrien & van de Ven, Gerrie & Schut, Antonius G.T. & van Wijk, Mark & Hammond, Jim & Hochman, Zvi & Taulya, God, "undated". "IFAD Research Series 83: The future of farming: who will produce our food?," IFAD Research Series 322005, International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD).
- Arouna, Aminou & Fatognon, Irene Akoko & Saito, Kazuki & Futakuchi, Koichi, 2021. "Moving toward rice self-sufficiency in sub-Saharan Africa by 2030: Lessons learned from 10 years of the Coalition for African Rice Development," World Development Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 21(C).
- Berhe, Gebremeskel Teklay & Baartman, Jantiene E.M. & Veldwisch, Gert Jan & Grum, Berhane & Ritsema, Coen J., 2022. "Irrigation development and management practices in Ethiopia: A systematic review on existing problems, sustainability issues and future directions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
- Kafle, Kashi & Omotilewa, Oluwatoba J., 2021. "Who is likely to benefit from public and private sector investments in farmer-led irrigation? Evidence from Ethiopia," 2021 Annual Meeting, August 1-3, Austin, Texas 313964, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
- Montaud, Jean-Marc & Pecastaing, Nicolas & Tankari, Mahamadou, 2017.
"Potential socio-economic implications of future climate change and variability for Nigerien agriculture: A countrywide dynamic CGE-Microsimulation analysis,"
Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 128-142.
- Jean-Marc Montaud & Nicolas Pecastaing & Mahamadou Roufahi Tankari, 2017. "Potential socio-economic implications of future climate change and variability for Nigerien agriculture: A countrywide dynamic CGE-Microsimulation analysis," Post-Print hal-01885231, HAL.
- Monica Fisher & Tsedeke Abate & Rodney Lunduka & Woinishet Asnake & Yoseph Alemayehu & Ruth Madulu, 2015. "Drought tolerant maize for farmer adaptation to drought in sub-Saharan Africa: Determinants of adoption in eastern and southern Africa," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 133(2), pages 283-299, November.
- Karen G. Villholth, 2013. "Groundwater irrigation for smallholders in Sub-Saharan Africa - a synthesis of current knowledge to guide sustainable outcomes," Water International, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 38(4), pages 369-391, July.
- Heger, Martin Philipp & Zens, Gregor & Bangalore, Mook, 2020. "Land and poverty: the role of soil fertility and vegetation quality in poverty reduction," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 115658, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
- Chamberlin, Jordan & Jayne, T.S. & Headey, D., 2014. "Scarcity amidst abundance? Reassessing the potential for cropland expansion in Africa," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 51-65.
- Takeshima, Hiroyuki & Edeh, Hyacinth O., 2013. "Typology of farm households and irrigation systems: Some evidence from Nigeria," IFPRI discussion papers 1267, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
- Dillon, Andrew, 2011. "The Effect of Irrigation on Poverty Reduction, Asset Accumulation, and Informal Insurance: Evidence from Northern Mali," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 39(12), pages 2165-2175.
- Ken E. Giller & Thomas Delaune & João Vasco Silva & Katrien Descheemaeker & Gerrie Ven & Antonius G.T. Schut & Mark Wijk & James Hammond & Zvi Hochman & Godfrey Taulya & Regis Chikowo & Sudha Narayana, 2021. "The future of farming: Who will produce our food?," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 13(5), pages 1073-1099, October.
- Pallavi Rajkhowa, 2024. "From subsistence to market-oriented farming: The role of groundwater irrigation in smallholder agriculture in eastern India," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 16(2), pages 353-369, April.
- Baffoe-Bonnie, Anthony & Kostandini, Gentian, "undated".
"Annual and cropping season environmental production conditions effects on smallholder technical efficiency in sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Ethiopia,"
2017 Annual Meeting, July 30-August 1, Chicago, Illinois
258230, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
- Anthony Baffoe‐Bonnie & Genti Kostandini, 2019. "Annual and cropping season environmental production conditions effects on smallholder technical efficiency in sub‐Saharan Africa: Evidence from Ethiopia," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 50(6), pages 779-791, November.
- Chichaibelu, Bezawit Beyene & Bekchanov, Maksud & von Braun, Joachim & Torero, Maximo, 2021. "The global cost of reaching a world without hunger: Investment costs and policy action opportunities," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
- Dyer, Julian & Shapiro, Jeremy, 2023. "Pumps, prosperity and household power: Experimental evidence on irrigation pumps and smallholder farmers in Kenya," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
- F. Jorge Bornemann & David P. Rowell & Barbara Evans & Dan J. Lapworth & Kamazima Lwiza & David M.J. Macdonald & John H. Marsham & Kindie Tesfaye & Matthew J. Ascott & Celia Way, 2019. "Future changes and uncertainty in decision-relevant measures of East African climate," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 156(3), pages 365-384, October.
- Akpoti, Komlavi & Dossou-Yovo, Elliott R. & Zwart, Sander J. & Kiepe, Paul, 2021. "The potential for expansion of irrigated rice under alternate wetting and drying in Burkina Faso," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 247(C).
- Lee, Yeyoung & Bryan, Elizabeth & Mason, Nicole M. & Hassen, Ibrahim Worku & Theriault, Veronique & Ringler, Claudia, 2025. "Does small-scale irrigation affect women’s time allocation? Insights from Ethiopia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
- Garbero, Alessandra & Songsermsawas, Tisorn, 2016.
"Impact of modern irrigation on household production and welfare outcomes: Evidence from the PASIDP project in Ethiopia,"
2016 Annual Meeting, July 31-August 2, Boston, Massachusetts
235949, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
- Garbero, Alessandra & Songsermsawas, Tisorn, "undated". "Impact of modern irrigation on household production and welfare outcomes: Evidence from the PASIDP project in Ethiopia," 91st Annual Conference, April 24-26, 2017, Royal Dublin Society, Dublin, Ireland 258641, Agricultural Economics Society.
- Nielsen, Thea & Schuenemann, Franziska & McNulty, Emily & Zeller, Manfred & Nkonya, Ephraim M. & Kato, Edward & Meyer, Stefan & Anderson, Weston & Zhu, Tingju & Queface, Antonio & Mapemba, Lawrence, 2015. "The food-energy-water security nexus: Definitions, policies, and methods in an application to Malawi and Mozambique," IFPRI discussion papers 1480, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
- UNDP Africa, "undated". "Africa Human Development Report 2012 Towards a Food Secure Future," UNDP Africa Reports 267636, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
- Johnson, Michael E. & Takeshima, Hiroyuki & Gyimah-Brempong, Kwabena, 2013. "Assessing the potential and policy alternatives for achieving rice competitiveness and growth in Nigeria," IFPRI discussion papers 1301, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
- Headey, Derek D. & Taffesse, Alemayehu Seyoum & You, Liangzhi, 2013. "Improving development strategies in pastoral areas," ESSP research notes 23, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
- Busisiwe Vilakazi & Alfred O. Odindo & Mutondwa M. Phophi & Paramu L. Mafongoya, 2025. "Socioeconomic Factors Influencing Crop Diversification Among Smallholder Farmers in Bergville, South Africa," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-24, April.
- Zhang, Xiao & Li, Hong-Yi & Deng, Zhiqun Daniel & Ringler, Claudia & Gao, Yang & Hejazi, Mohamad I. & Leung, L. Ruby, 2018. "Impacts of climate change, policy and Water-Energy-Food nexus on hydropower development," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(PA), pages 827-834.
- Chandra, Ankit & Heeren, Derek M. & Odhiambo, Lameck & Brozović, Nicholas, 2023. "Water-energy-food linkages in community smallholder irrigation schemes: Center pivot irrigation in Rwanda," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
- Nelson Mango & Clifton Makate & Lulseged Tamene & Powell Mponela & Gift Ndengu, 2018. "Adoption of Small-Scale Irrigation Farming as a Climate-Smart Agriculture Practice and Its Influence on Household Income in the Chinyanja Triangle, Southern Africa," Land, MDPI, vol. 7(2), pages 1-19, April.
- Daum, Thomas, "undated". "Agricultural mechanization and sustainable agrifood system transformation in the Global South," ESA Working Papers 330795, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Agricultural Development Economics Division (ESA).
- Hazell, Peter B.R., 2012. "Leonard K. Elmhirst Lecture: Options for African Agriculture in an Era of High Food and Energy Prices," 2012 Conference, August 18-24, 2012, Foz do Iguacu, Brazil 127070, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
- Koide, Junji & Yokoyama, Shigeki & Hirouchi, Shinji & Hirose, Chikako & Oka, Naoko & Oda, Masato & Yanagihara, Seiji, 2021. "Exploring climate-resilient and risk-efficient cropping strategies using a new pond irrigation system: An experimental study in northern Ghana," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
- Benfica, Rui & Cunguara, Benedito & Thurlow, James, 2017. "Distributional Effects of Public Investments in Mozambique," Conference papers 332860, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
- Domènech, Laia, 2015. "Is reliable water access the solution to undernutrition? A review of the potential of irrigation to solve nutrition and gender gaps in Africa South of the Sahara," IFPRI discussion papers 1428, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
- Garbero, A. & Songsermsawas, T., 2018. "IFAD RESEARCH SERIES 31 - Impact of modern irrigation on household production and welfare outcomes: evidence from the participatory small-scale irrigation development programme (PASIDP) project in Ethiopia," IFAD Research Series 280080, International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD).
- Rosegrant, Mark W. & Fan, Shenggen & Otsuka, Keijiro, 2021. "Global issues in agricultural development," IFPRI book chapters, in: Agricultural development: New perspectives in a changing world, chapter 2, pages 35-78, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
- Mellor, John W., 2014. "High rural population density Africa – What are the growth requirements and who participates?," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 66-75.
- Jonathan Salerno & Jeremy E. Diem & Bronwen L. Konecky & Joel Hartter, 2019. "Recent intensification of the seasonal rainfall cycle in equatorial Africa revealed by farmer perceptions, satellite-based estimates, and ground-based station measurements," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 153(1), pages 123-139, March.
- Benjamin T. Anang & Stefan Bäckman & Antonios Rezitis, 2017. "Production technology and technical efficiency: irrigated and rain-fed rice farms in northern Ghana," Eurasian Economic Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 7(1), pages 95-113, April.
- Takeshima, Hiroyuki & Adesugba, Margaret Abiodun, 2014. "Irrigation potential in Nigeria: Some perspectives based on factor endowments, tropical nature, and patterns in favorable areas," IFPRI discussion papers 1399, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
- Shalu Agrawal & Abhishek Jain, 2019. "Sustainable deployment of solar irrigation pumps: Key determinants and strategies," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 8(2), March.
- Pieter Waalewijn & Remi Trier & Jonathan Denison & Yasmin Siddiqi & Jeroen Vos & Eeman Amjad & Mik Schulte, 2019. "Governance in Irrigation and Drainage [Gouvernance de l’Irrigation et du Drainage]," World Bank Publications - Reports 32339, The World Bank Group.
- Nixon Murathi Kiratu & Eefje Aarnoudse & Martin Petrick, 2025. "Analyzing the impact of irrigation on dietary diversity: a comparison between farmer-led and public irrigation in Kenya," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 17(2), pages 493-514, April.
- Xie, Hua & You, Liangzhi & Wielgosz, Benjamin & Ringler, Claudia, 2014. "Estimating the potential for expanding smallholder irrigation in Sub-Saharan Africa," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 183-193.
- Sekyi-Annan, Ephraim & Tischbein, Bernhard & Diekkrüger, Bernd & Khamzina, Asia, 2018. "Performance evaluation of reservoir-based irrigation schemes in the Upper East region of Ghana," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 134-145.
- Mwendwa, Daniel Mutia & Leonard, Alycia & Hirmer, Stephanie, 2025. "GIS-based method for assessing the viability of solar-powered irrigation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 377(PA).
- Olayide, Olawale E. & Sangare, Saadatou A. & Koo, Jawoo & Xie, Hua, "undated". "Targeting Small-Scale Irrigation Investments using Agent-Based Modeling: Case Studies in Mali and Niger," Discussion Papers 305676, University of Bonn, Center for Development Research (ZEF).
- Annys, Sofie & Van Passel, Steven & Dessein, Joost & Adgo, Enyew & Nyssen, Jan, 2020. "From fast-track implementation to livelihood deterioration: The dam-based Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project in Northwest Ethiopia," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
- A. M. Abdi & A. Vrieling & G. T. Yengoh & A. Anyamba & J. W. Seaquist & C. C. Ummenhofer & J. Ardö, 2016. "The El Niño – La Niña cycle and recent trends in supply and demand of net primary productivity in African drylands," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 138(1), pages 111-125, September.
- Headey, Derek & Taffesse, Alemayehu Seyoum & You, Liangzhi, 2014. "Diversification and Development in Pastoralist Ethiopia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 200-213.
- You, Liangzhi & Wood, Stanley & Wood-Sichra, Ulrike & Wu, Wenbin, 2014.
"Generating global crop distribution maps: From census to grid,"
Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 53-60.
- You, Liangzhi & Wood, Stanley & Wood-Sichra, Ulrike, 2006. "Generating Global Crop Distribution Maps: From Census to Grid," 2006 Annual Meeting, August 12-18, 2006, Queensland, Australia 25737, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
- You, Liangzhi & Wood, Stanley & Wood-Sichra, Ulrike, 2006. "Generating global crop distribution maps: from census to grid," 2006 Annual meeting, July 23-26, Long Beach, CA 21299, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
- Barrett,Christopher B. & Sheahan,Megan Britney & Barrett,Christopher B. & Sheahan,Megan Britney, 2014. "Understanding the agricultural input landscape in Sub-Saharan Africa : recent plot, household, and community-level evidence," Policy Research Working Paper Series 7014, The World Bank.
- Zewdie, Markose Chekol & Cools, Jan & Van Passel, Steven, 2025. "Causal impact of adopting irrigation technology on agriculture in Ethiopia: Evidence from a propensity score matching," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 309(C).
- Benfica, Rui & Cunguara, Benedito & Thurlow, James, 2019. "Linking agricultural investments to growth and poverty: An economywide approach applied to Mozambique," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 91-100.
- Fitsum Assefa Adela & Joachim Aurbacher & Gumataw Kifle Abebe, 2019. "Small-scale irrigation scheme governance - poverty nexus: evidence from Ethiopia," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 11(4), pages 897-913, August.
- Simon Meunier & Dale T. Manning & Loic Queval & Judith A. Cherni & Philippe Dessante & Daniel Zimmerle, 2019. "Determinants of the marginal willingness to pay for improved domestic water and irrigation in partially electrified Rwandan villages," Post-Print hal-02179229, HAL.
- Zewdie, Markose Chekol & Van Passel, Steven & Moretti, Michele & Annys, Sofie & Tenessa, Daregot Berihun & Ayele, Zemen Ayalew & Tsegaye, Enyew Adgo & Cools, Jan & Minale, Amare Sewnet & Nyssen, Jan, 2020. "Pathways how irrigation water affects crop revenue of smallholder farmers in northwest Ethiopia: A mixed approach," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
- Dong-Gill Kim & Elisa Grieco & Antonio Bombelli & Jonathan E. Hickman & Alberto Sanz-Cobena, 2021. "Challenges and opportunities for enhancing food security and greenhouse gas mitigation in smallholder farming in sub-Saharan Africa. A review," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 13(2), pages 457-476, April.
- Kemeze, Francis H., 2020. "Demand for Supplemental Irrigation via Small-Scale Water Harvesting," 2020 Annual Meeting, July 26-28, Kansas City, Missouri 304569, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
- Kafle, Kashi & Balasubramanya, Soumya, 2021.
"Irrigation for Reducing Food Insecurity: The Case of Niger,"
2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual
315099, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
- Balasubramanya, Soumya & Kafle, Kashi, 2021. "Irrigation for reducing food insecurity: the case of Niger," 2021 Annual Meeting, August 1-3, Austin, Texas 313901, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
- Abdulazeez Hudu Wudil & Asghar Ali & Khalid Mushtaq & Sajjad Ahmad Baig & Magdalena Radulescu & Piotr Prus & Muhammad Usman & László Vasa, 2023. "Water Use Efficiency and Productivity of Irrigated Rice Cultivation in Nigeria: An Application of the Stochastic Frontier Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-19, May.
- Colin Poulton, 2014. "Democratisation and the Political Incentives for Agricultural Policy in Africa," Development Policy Review, Overseas Development Institute, vol. 32(s2), pages 101-122, September.
- Elizabeth Bryan & Elisabeth Garner, 2022. "Understanding the pathways to women’s empowerment in Northern Ghana and the relationship with small-scale irrigation," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer;The Agriculture, Food, & Human Values Society (AFHVS), vol. 39(3), pages 905-920, September.
- Simone Passarelli & Dawit Mekonnen & Elizabeth Bryan & Claudia Ringler, 2018. "Evaluating the pathways from small-scale irrigation to dietary diversity: evidence from Ethiopia and Tanzania," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 10(4), pages 981-997, August.
- Vijaya Ramachandran, 2021. "Convergence, Development, and Energy-Intensive Infrastructure in Africa: A Review of the Evidence," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-23, September.
- Harrison, Elizabeth, 2018. "Engineering change? The idea of ‘the scheme’ in African irrigation," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 246-255.
- Shen Yuan & Kazuki Saito & Pepijn A. J. van Oort & Martin K. van Ittersum & Shaobing Peng & Patricio Grassini, 2024. "Intensifying rice production to reduce imports and land conversion in Africa," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-12, December.
- Muhammad Azher Bhatti & Sosheel Solomon Godfrey & Ryan H. L. Ip & Chipo Kachiwala & Håvard Hovdhaugen & Liveness J. Banda & Moses Limuwa & Peter C. Wynn & Tormod Ådnøy & Lars Olav Eik, 2021. "Diversity of Sources of Income for Smallholder Farming Communities in Malawi: Importance for Improved Livelihood," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-19, August.
- Sun, Yan & Asante, Felix A. & Birner, Regina, 2010.
"Opportunities and challenges of community-based rural drinking water supplies: An analysis of water and sanitation committees in Ghana,"
IFPRI discussion papers
1026, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
Cited by:
- Calzada, Joan & Iranzo, Susana, 2021. "Can communal systems work? The effects of communal water provision on child health in Peru," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
- Barde, Julia Alexa, 2017. "What Determines Access to Piped Water in Rural Areas? Evidence from Small-Scale Supply Systems in Rural Brazil," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 88-110.
- Tantoh, Henry Bikwibili & Simatele, Danny, 2018. "Complexity and uncertainty in water resource governance in Northwest Cameroon: Reconnoitring the challenges and potential of community-based water resource management," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 237-251.
- M. A. Adewoyin & A. I. Okoh, 2020. "Seasonal Shift in Physicochemical Factors Revealed the Ecological Variables that Modulate the Density of Acinetobacter Species in Freshwater Resources," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-19, May.
- Erick Bwoma Omanwa & Serah Kimaru Muchai, Dr., 2020. "Effects Of Post-Implementation Community Participation On Sustainability Of Borehole Water Projects In Embu County, Kenya," International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Project Management, IPRJB, vol. 5(2), pages 27-51.
- Kelly Alexander & Yihenew Tesfaye & Robert Dreibelbis & Bekele Abaire & Matthew Freeman, 2015. "Governance and functionality of community water schemes in rural Ethiopia," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 60(8), pages 977-986, December.
- McCarthy, Nancy & Sun, Yan, 2009.
"Participation by Men and Women in Off-Farm Activities: an Empirical Analysis in Rural Northern Ghana,"
2009 Conference, August 16-22, 2009, Beijing, China
51040, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
- McCarthy, N. & Sun, Y., 2009. "Participation by men and women in off-farm activities: An empirical analysis in rural northern Ghana," IFPRI discussion papers 852, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
Cited by:
- Gayatri Koolwal & Dominique van de Walle, 2013.
"Access to Water, Women's Work, and Child Outcomes,"
Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 61(2), pages 369-405.
- Koolwal, Gayatri & van de Walle, Dominique, 2010. "Access to water, women's work and child outcomes," Policy Research Working Paper Series 5302, The World Bank.
- Almeida, Alexandre N. & Bravo-Ureta, Boris E., 2019. "Agricultural productivity, shadow wages and off-farm labor decisions in Nicaragua," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 43(1), pages 99-110.
- Alex Almeida & Boris Bravo-Ureta, 2011. "Agricultural Productivity And Off-Farm Labor Decisions By Heads And Spouses In Nicaragua: A Semiparametric Analysis Using Panel Data," ERSA conference papers ersa11p508, European Regional Science Association.
- Ma, Shaoyue & Man, Hecheng & Li, Xiao & Xu, Xiangbo & Sun, Mingxing & Xie, Minghui & Zhang, Linxiu, 2023. "How nonfarm employment drives the households’ energy transition: Evidence from rural China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 267(C).
- Gideon, Danso-Abbeam & Brightina, A.A. Abban & Samuel, A. Donkoh, . "Off-Farm Participation And Technical Efficiency Among Smallholder Farmers In The Northern Region, Ghana," APSTRACT: Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce, AGRIMBA, vol. 11(01-2).
- Martey, Edward & Etwire, Prince Maxwell & Adusah-Poku, Frank & Akoto, Isaac, 2022. "Off-farm work, cooking energy choice and time poverty in Ghana: An empirical analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
- Sun, Yan & Mwangi, Esther & Meinzen-Dick, Ruth Suseela, "undated".
"Gender, institutions and sustainability in the context of forest decentralization reforms in Latin America and East Africa,"
2011 Annual Meeting, July 24-26, 2011, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
103456, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
Cited by:
- Paulo Reis Mourao & Vítor Domingues Martinho, 2021. "Choosing the best socioeconomic nutrients for the best trees: a discussion about the distribution of Portuguese Trees of Public Interest," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(4), pages 5985-6001, April.
- Sikshya Adhikary Rana & Kyoko Kusakabe & Srijana Baral, 2025. "The Impact of Transition From Community Forestry to Conservation Area on Women’s Participation in Forest Governance: A Case Study of Gaurishankar Conservation Area, Nepal," SAGE Open, , vol. 15(4), pages 21582440251, October.
Articles
- You, Liangzhi & Ringler, Claudia & Wood-Sichra, Ulrike & Robertson, Richard & Wood, Stanley & Zhu, Tingju & Nelson, Gerald & Guo, Zhe & Sun, Yan, 2011.
"What is the irrigation potential for Africa? A combined biophysical and socioeconomic approach,"
Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(6), pages 770-782.
See citations under working paper version above.Sorry, no citations of articles recorded.
- You, Liangzhi & Ringler, Claudia & Nelson, Gerald C. & Wood-Sichra, Ulrike & Robertson, Richard D. & Wood, Stanley & Guo, Zhe & Zhu, Tingju & Sun, Yan, 2010. "What is the irrigation potential for Africa? A Combined Biophysical and Socioeconomic Approach," IFPRI Discussion Papers 93736, CGIAR, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
- You, Liangzhi & Ringler, Claudia & Nelson, Gerald C. & Wood-Sichra, Ulrike & Robertson, Richard D. & Wood, Stanley & Guo, Zhe & Zhu, Tingju & Sun, Yan, 2010. "What is the irrigation potential for Africa? A combined biophysical and socioeconomic approach," IFPRI discussion papers 993, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
Books
-
Sorry, no citations of books recorded.
More information
Research fields, statistics, top rankings, if available.Statistics
Access and download statistics for all items
Co-authorship network on CollEc
NEP Fields
NEP is an announcement service for new working papers, with a weekly report in each of many fields. This author has had 7 papers announced in NEP. These are the fields, ordered by number of announcements, along with their dates. If the author is listed in the directory of specialists for this field, a link is also provided.- NEP-AFR: Africa (4) 2009-04-05 2010-07-31 2011-05-24 2013-08-16
- NEP-AGR: Agricultural Economics (4) 2009-04-05 2010-07-31 2012-06-05 2013-08-16
- NEP-DEV: Development (3) 2009-04-05 2010-07-31 2013-08-16
- NEP-CNA: China (2) 2015-06-27 2015-11-01
- NEP-EDU: Education (2) 2015-06-27 2015-11-01
- NEP-ENV: Environmental Economics (2) 2011-05-24 2013-08-16
- NEP-TRA: Transition Economics (2) 2015-06-27 2015-11-01
- NEP-DEM: Demographic Economics (1) 2013-08-16
- NEP-EFF: Efficiency and Productivity (1) 2012-06-05
- NEP-LAB: Labour Economics (1) 2009-04-05
- NEP-SPO: Sports and Economics (1) 2013-08-16
Corrections
All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. For general information on how to correct material on RePEc, see these instructions.
To update listings or check citations waiting for approval, Yan Sun should log into the RePEc Author Service.
To make corrections to the bibliographic information of a particular item, find the technical contact on the abstract page of that item. There, details are also given on how to add or correct references and citations.
To link different versions of the same work, where versions have a different title, use this form. Note that if the versions have a very similar title and are in the author's profile, the links will usually be created automatically.
Please note that most corrections can take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.
Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/f/psu450.html