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Ältere Arbeitnehmer: Entwicklungstrends und Beschäftigungspolitischer Reformbedarf

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  • Klös, Hans-Peter

Abstract

Bei der Eingliederung älterer Menschen in das Erwerbsleben schneiden die Industrieländer sehr unterschiedlich ab. Während in der Schweiz über 70 Prozent der 55- bis 64-Jährigen erwerbstätig sind, kommt man in Belgien nur auf rund 20 Prozent. Deutschland liegt mit 39 Prozent um 10 Prozentpunkte unter dem OECD-Durchschnitt. Bei der Hälfte der beobachteten Länder ist die Erwerbstätigkeit älterer Menschen in den 90er- Jahren wieder angestiegen, in den übrigen Ländern ist sie gesunken. Empirische Vergleiche zeigen, dass es die beschäftigungspolitisch erfolgreichen Länder sind wie beispielsweise die USA, die Schweiz, Norwegen, Dänemark und Neuseeland, die gleichzeitig die Beschäftigungschancen alter und junger Menschen verbessert haben. Insofern ist eine generelle beschäftigungspolitische Vorwärtsstrategie gefordert und keine auf bestimmte Altersgruppen zielende Taktik der Angebotsverknappung. Jedenfalls kollidiert die hierzulande lange favorisierte Frühverrentung mit der zunehmend alternden Bevölkerung. Zudem stößt sie auf finanzielle Grenzen. Denn jedes vorgezogene Verrentungsjahr bringt der Rentenversicherung zusätzliche Ausgaben in Höhe von 18 Milliarden DM. Die unumgänglichen Reformen müssen materielle Frühverrentungsanreize und Senioritätsprivilegien abbauen sowie die Qualifizierung älterer Arbeitnehmer fördern.

Suggested Citation

  • Klös, Hans-Peter, 2000. "Ältere Arbeitnehmer: Entwicklungstrends und Beschäftigungspolitischer Reformbedarf," IW-Trends – Vierteljahresschrift zur empirischen Wirtschaftsforschung, Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft (IW) / German Economic Institute, vol. 27(2), pages 71-87.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:iwktre:156780
    DOI: 10.2373/1864-810X.00-02-05
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    1. Sveinbjörn Blöndal & Stefano Scarpetta, 1999. "The Retirement Decision in OECD Countries," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 202, OECD Publishing.
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    1. Janßen, Peter, 2003. "Investive Arbeitszeitpolitik: Mehr Weiterbildung durch Arbeitszeitflexibilisierung," IW-Trends – Vierteljahresschrift zur empirischen Wirtschaftsforschung, Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft (IW) / German Economic Institute, vol. 30(2), pages 47-57.

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