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Examining How Community Poverty, Family Structure, and Community Involvement Influence the Earnings of Youth

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  • Emma Kahle Monahan

Abstract

The field of neighborhood effects has grown over the past few decades, and the impact of neighborhoods is often significant for youth outcomes and development. Using Add Health data, this study examines how community poverty, family structure, and community involvement during adolescence predict income in young adulthood. Multilevel modeling allows us to see how these variables operate within community‐level effects to impact young adult income. The results of a random intercept model suggest that community poverty does have a significant, negative association with young adult income. Additionally, when the random effects of community poverty are accounted for, family structure does not appear to be an important predictor of income. The interaction of family structure with community poverty, however, suggests that single‐mother family structures have a protective effect in higher‐poverty neighborhoods. Moreover, interactions between community poverty and community involvement suggest greater youth community involvement in high‐poverty neighborhoods may have a negative influence on adult income. 在过去几十年中,邻里效应的影响领域不断扩大,社区的影响往往对青少年的收获和成长至关重要。本研究使用“添加健康”(ADD Health,即全国青少年健康纵向研究) 数据,探究了青少年时期的社区贫困、家庭结构和社区参与是如何预测青年成年期间的收入的。笔者通过多级建模观察到这些变量是如何在社区效应范围内发挥作用从而影响到年轻人收入的。随机截距模型(random intercept model)的结果表明,社区贫困与青少年收入确实存在显著的负相关关系。此外,当考虑到社区贫困的随机影响时,家庭结构似乎不是收入的重要预测因素。不过,家庭结构与社区贫困之间的相互作用表明,单亲家庭结构在贫困程度较高的社区中具有保护作用。再者,社区贫困与社区参与之间的相互作用表明,更多青少年参与贫困程度较高的社区可能会对成年人的收入产生负面影响。 El campo de los efectos del vecindario ha crecido en las últimas décadas, y el impacto de los vecindarios a menudo es significativo para los resultados y el desarrollo de los jóvenes. Usando los datos de Add Health, este estudio examina cómo la pobreza de la comunidad, la estructura familiar y la participación de la comunidad durante la adolescencia predicen el ingreso en la adultez temprana. El modelado multinivel nos permite ver cómo operan estas variables dentro de los efectos a nivel comunitario para impactar el ingreso de los adultos jóvenes. Los resultados de un modelo de intercepción aleatoria sugieren que la pobreza de la comunidad tiene una asociación negativa significativa con el ingreso de adultos jóvenes. Además, cuando se tienen en cuenta los efectos aleatorios de la pobreza de la comunidad, la estructura familiar no parece ser un factor importante para predecir los ingresos. Sin embargo, la interacción de la estructura familiar con la pobreza comunitaria sugiere que las estructuras familiares de madres solteras tienen un efecto protector en los vecindarios de mayor pobreza. Además, las interacciones entre la pobreza de la comunidad y la participación de la comunidad sugieren que una mayor participación de la comunidad juvenil en los barrios de alta pobreza puede tener una influencia negativa en los ingresos de los adultos.

Suggested Citation

  • Emma Kahle Monahan, 2019. "Examining How Community Poverty, Family Structure, and Community Involvement Influence the Earnings of Youth," Poverty & Public Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 11(1-2), pages 138-155, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:povpop:v:11:y:2019:i:1-2:p:138-155
    DOI: 10.1002/pop4.245
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