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Macroeconomic and Sectoral Determinants of Alternative Infrastructure Funding Models in Ghana: A Dynamic Time‐Series Analysis

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  • Samuel Kojo Aidoo
  • Patricia Lindelwa Makoni

Abstract

Ghana faces a persistent infrastructure financing gap, prompting the exploration of alternative funding models such as Public–Private Partnerships (PPPs), green bonds, and blended finance instruments. This study uses macroeconomic and sectoral indicators as proxies to evaluate the long‐term impact of these models on economic performance in Ghana. Using quarterly time‐series data from 2003 to 2023, the paper applies a Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) model to estimate the long‐run relationship between real GDP and selected infrastructure‐related indicators. The results reveal that per capita income, employment, and road infrastructure have a significant and positive impact on economic performance, while educational attainment and access to electricity exhibit unexpected negative effects. These results highlight that it is critical to prioritize high‐impact sectors that are often addressed with alternative infrastructure funding models and to streamline delivery, especially in social infrastructure. This study contributes to the growing discourse on infrastructure finance in Sub‐Saharan Africa and provides implicit policy lessons that can be applied to the strategic application of sustainable non‐traditional funding mechanisms in Ghana. 加纳长期面临基础设施融资缺口, 促使人们探索公私合营(PPP)、绿色债券和混合融资工具等替代性融资模式。本研究采用宏观经济和行业指标作为代理变量, 评估这些模式对加纳经济绩效的长期影响。本文利用2003年至2023年的季度时间序列数据, 运用动态普通最小二乘法(DOLS)模型估计实际GDP与选定的基础设施相关指标之间的长期关系。结果表明, 人均收入、就业和道路基础设施对经济绩效具有显著的正向影响, 而教育水平和电力普及率则表现出意料之外的负面影响。这些结果强调了优先发展高影响力领域 (通常采用替代性基础设施融资模式) 并简化交付流程 (尤其是在社会基础设施领域) 的重要性。本研究有助于推动撒哈拉以南非洲地区基础设施融资的讨论, 并为加纳可持续的非传统融资机制的战略应用提供潜在的政策启示。 Ghana enfrenta una persistente brecha de financiamiento de infraestructuras, lo que impulsa la exploración de modelos alternativos de financiamiento, como las Asociaciones Público‐Privadas (APP), los bonos verdes y los instrumentos de financiación combinada. Este estudio utiliza indicadores macroeconómicos y sectoriales como indicadores indirectos para evaluar el impacto a largo plazo de estos modelos en el desempeño económico de Ghana. Utilizando datos trimestrales de series temporales de 2003 a 2023, el artículo aplica un modelo de Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios Dinámicos (DOLS) para estimar la relación a largo plazo entre el PIB real y determinados indicadores relacionados con la infraestructura. Los resultados revelan que la renta per cápita, el empleo y la infraestructura vial tienen un impacto positivo significativo en el desempeño económico, mientras que el nivel educativo y el acceso a la electricidad presentan efectos negativos inesperados. Estos resultados destacan la importancia crucial de priorizar los sectores de alto impacto, a menudo abordados con modelos alternativos de financiación de infraestructuras, y de optimizar la ejecución, especialmente en infraestructura social. Este estudio contribuye al creciente debate sobre la financiación de infraestructuras en África subsahariana y ofrece lecciones políticas implícitas que pueden aplicarse a la aplicación estratégica de mecanismos de financiación sostenibles no tradicionales en Ghana.

Suggested Citation

  • Samuel Kojo Aidoo & Patricia Lindelwa Makoni, 2026. "Macroeconomic and Sectoral Determinants of Alternative Infrastructure Funding Models in Ghana: A Dynamic Time‐Series Analysis," Journal of Critical Infrastructure Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 7(1), January.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:crtinf:v:7:y:2026:i:1:n:e70018
    DOI: 10.1002/jci3.70018
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