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Österreich und Schweiz – Erfahrungen mit und ohne EU-Mitgliedschaft

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  • Fritz Breuss

Abstract

Österreich und die Schweiz haben unterschiedliche Strategien der europäischen Integration gewählt: Österreich nimmt als Mitglied der EU (1995) seit 1999 auch an der Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion teil. Die Schweiz schlug hingegen nach der Ablehnung des EWR-Abkommens 1992 den Weg der bilateralen Annäherung an die EU ein und ist heute mit der EU über zwei bilaterale Abkommen in den wesentlichen ökonomischen Integrationsfeldern verbunden. Österreich kann – ein Vorteil der vollen ökonomischen Integration – die potentiellen Integrationseffekte des Binnenmarktes und der Währungsunion ausschöpfen, unterliegt allerdings als EU- und Euro-Land den damit verbundenen wirtschaftspolitischen Zwängen. Überdies ist ein reiches EU-Land in der Regel Nettozahler in den EU-Haushalt. Insgesamt fällt die Bilanz nach zehn Jahren EU-Mitgliedschaft für Österreich positiv aus: Im Durchschnitt dürfte das BIP um bis zu ½ Prozentpunkt pro Jahr rascher gewachsen sein als ohne EU-Integration. Die Schweiz bezog durch die verzögerte und nur partielle Teilnahme am europäischen Binnenmarkt nur vereinzelt Vorteile aus dieser Form der Annäherung an die EU. Der Bilateralismus erlaubt allerdings, im Rahmen von sektoriellen Abkommen nur jene Integrationspunkte zu verhandeln, die im nationalen Interesse sind. Die Schweiz entgeht zum einen dem Nachteil der Nettozahler ins EU-Budget und kann zum anderen weiterhin eine eigenständige Wirtschaftspolitik betreiben. Per Saldo dürfte die Schweiz im letzten Jahrzehnt Wohlfahrtseinbußen erlitten haben.

Suggested Citation

  • Fritz Breuss, 2005. "Österreich und Schweiz – Erfahrungen mit und ohne EU-Mitgliedschaft," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 78(10), pages 681-714, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:wfo:monber:y:2005:i:10:p:681-714
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fritz Breuss, 2012. "EU-Mitgliedschaft Österreichs. Eine Evaluierung in Zeiten der Krise," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 45578, February.

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