IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/vrs/foeste/v22y2022i1p63-84n7.html

Some searches may not work properly. We apologize for the inconvenience.

   My bibliography  Save this article

The Impact of Firm Size on Corporate Indebtedness: A Case Study of Slovak Enterprises

Author

Listed:
  • Gajdosikova Dominika

    (University of Zilina, Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of Economics, Univerzitna 8215/1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia)

  • Valaskova Katarina

    (University of Zilina, Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, Department of Economics, Univerzitna 8215/1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia)

Abstract

Research background: Debt is considered a normal part of enterprises these days. If enterprises do not have enough equity, they will start to use a large amount of debt which is mainly associated with indebtedness. Rising indebtedness can be a difficult financial situation for business entities in the form of default and inability to meet their liabilities. Purpose: The main aim of this paper is to perform a debt analysis of enterprises operating in sectors that are considered leading in the conditions of Slovakia, such as the manufacturing and construction sector, and subsequently, to examine whether the size of the enterprise has a significant impact on selected indebtedness ratios. Research methodology: Firstly, the debt analysis was performed using the six selected indebtedness indicators on a sample of 846 enterprises. Secondly, a more detailed analysis, focused on examining the existence of statistically significant differences between individual indebtedness ratios concerning the size of the enterprise, was realized using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test. At the end of the research, the Bonferroni corrections were used to identify where the stochastic dominance occurred. Results: The impact of the enterprise’s size on the calculated indebtedness indicators is confirmed by the results of ANOVA, based on which it can be argued that statistically significant differences between the calculated indebtedness indicators exist between large and small enterprises, as well as an inequality of medians between large and medium-sized enterprises. As a result, the median values of the debt ratios of small and medium-sized enterprises are the same. Novelty: The contribution of this paper is a new feature of the application of debt analysis for the evaluation of corporate performance. There are only a few papers in Slovakia that focus in detail on an analysis of the indebtedness of individual enterprises and with an examination of the determinants that affect this indebtedness, which is, however, an added value of our contribution.

Suggested Citation

  • Gajdosikova Dominika & Valaskova Katarina, 2022. "The Impact of Firm Size on Corporate Indebtedness: A Case Study of Slovak Enterprises," Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia, Sciendo, vol. 22(1), pages 63-84, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:vrs:foeste:v:22:y:2022:i:1:p:63-84:n:7
    DOI: 10.2478/foli-2022-0004
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.2478/foli-2022-0004
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.2478/foli-2022-0004?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Matteo Maggiori & Brent Neiman & Jesse Schreger, 2020. "International Currencies and Capital Allocation," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 128(6), pages 2019-2066.
    2. Alexander Chudik & Kamiar Mohaddes & M. Hashem Pesaran & Mehdi Raissi, 2017. "Is There a Debt-Threshold Effect on Output Growth?," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 99(1), pages 135-150, March.
    3. Narayan, Paresh Kumar & Phan, Dinh Hoang Bach & Liu, Guangqiang & Ibrahim, Mansor, 2021. "Ethical investing and capital structure," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 47(C).
    4. Saba Moradi & Farimah Mokhatab Rafiei, 2019. "A dynamic credit risk assessment model with data mining techniques: evidence from Iranian banks," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 5(1), pages 1-27, December.
    5. Lenka Syrová & Jindřich Špička, 2022. "The Impact of Foreign Capital on the Level of ERM Implementation in Czech SMEs," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-17, February.
    6. Ivana Kravčáková Vozárová & Rastislav Kotulič & Roman Vavrek, 2019. "Disparities in the financial performance of agricultural entities according to the legal form: the case of Slovakia," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 51(56), pages 5999-6008, December.
    7. Katarina Valaskova & Tomas Kliestik & Maria Kovacova, 2018. "Management of financial risks in Slovak enterprises using regression analysis," Oeconomia Copernicana, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 9(1), pages 105-121, March.
    8. Kajurová Veronika & Linnertová Dagmar, 2018. "Loose Monetary Policy and Corporate Investment of Manufacturing Firms in the Czech Republic," Review of Economic Perspectives, Sciendo, vol. 18(4), pages 371-385, December.
    9. Georgeta Vintilă & Ştefan Cristian Gherghina & Radu Alin Păunescu, 2018. "Study of Effective Corporate Tax Rate and Its Influential Factors: Empirical Evidence from Emerging European Markets," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 54(3), pages 571-590, February.
    10. Cline, Brandon N. & Fu, Xudong & Tang, Tian, 2020. "Shareholder investment horizons and bank debt financing," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
    11. Lucia Svabova & Eva Nahalkova Tesarova & Marek Durica & Lenka Strakova, 2021. "Evaluation of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of the unemployment rate in Slovakia: counterfactual before-after comparison," Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 16(2), pages 261-284, June.
    12. Katarina Zvarikova & Erika Spuchlakova & Gabriela Sopkova, 2017. "International Comparison Of The Relevant Variables In The Chosen Bankruptcy Models Used In The Risk Management," Oeconomia Copernicana, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 8(1), pages 145-157, March.
    13. Grundy, Bruce D. & Verwijmeren, Patrick, 2020. "The external financing of investment," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    14. Novakova, Lucia, 2020. "The impact of technology development on the future of the labour market in the Slovak Republic," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    15. Katarina Valaskova & Tomas Kliestik & Lucia Svabova & Peter Adamko, 2018. "Financial Risk Measurement and Prediction Modelling for Sustainable Development of Business Entities Using Regression Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-15, June.
    16. Jaroslav Mazanec & Viera Bartosova, 2021. "Prediction Model as Sustainability Tool for Assessing Financial Status of Non-Profit Organizations in the Slovak Republic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-22, August.
    17. Jiří Kučera & Marek Vochozka & Zuzana Rowland, 2021. "The Ideal Debt Ratio of an Agricultural Enterprise," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-17, April.
    18. Pinar Sener & Elif Akben-Selcuk & Fatma Didin-Sonmez, 2021. "Does the institutional framework affect the relationship between debt financing and firm performance in emerging countries?," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(10), pages 866-871, June.
    19. Yoshino, Naoyuki & Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farhad, 2016. "Major Challenges Facing Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Asia and Solutions for Mitigating Them," ADBI Working Papers 564, Asian Development Bank Institute.
    20. Eva Lajtkepová, 2016. "Differences And Similarities In The Indebtedness Of Eu Member States After Last Financial Crisis," Oeconomia Copernicana, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 7(4), pages 551-563, December.
    21. Liang-Han Ma & Jin-Chi Hsieh & Ying Li & Yung-Ho Chiu, 2021. "Evaluating Efficiency Change in Taiwan’s Financial Industry," SAGE Open, , vol. 11(2), pages 21582440211, April.
    22. David Haritone Shikumo & Oluoch Oluoch & Joshua Matanda Wepukhulu, 2020. "Effect of Short-Term Debt on Financial Growth of Non-Financial Firms Listed at Nairobi Securities Exchange," Papers 2011.03339, arXiv.org.
    23. Róbert Štefko & Petra Vašaničová & Sylvia Jenčová & Aneta Pachura, 2021. "Management and Economic Sustainability of the Slovak Industrial Companies with Medium Energy Intensity," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-15, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Nagy Marek & Valaskova Katarina, 2023. "An Analysis of the Financial Health of Companies Concerning the Business Environment of the V4 Countries," Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia, Sciendo, vol. 23(1), pages 170-193, June.
    2. Dominika Gajdosikova & Katarina Valaskova & Tomas Kliestik & Maria Kovacova, 2023. "Research on Corporate Indebtedness Determinants: A Case Study of Visegrad Group Countries," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-30, January.
    3. Gintare Giriūniene & Lukas Giriūnas & Mangirdas Morkunas & Laura Brucaite, 2019. "A Comparison on Leading Methodologies for Bankruptcy Prediction: The Case of the Construction Sector in Lithuania," Economies, MDPI, vol. 7(3), pages 1-20, August.
    4. Alica Tobisova & Andrea Senova & Gabriela Izarikova & Ivana Krutakova, 2022. "Proposal of a Methodology for Assessing Financial Risks and Investment Development for Sustainability of Enterprises in Slovakia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-14, April.
    5. Katarina Valaskova & Dominika Gajdosikova & Jaroslav Belas, 2023. "Bankruptcy prediction in the post-pandemic period: A case study of Visegrad Group countries," Oeconomia Copernicana, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 14(1), pages 253-293, March.
    6. Jaroslav Mazanec & Viera Bartosova, 2021. "Prediction Model as Sustainability Tool for Assessing Financial Status of Non-Profit Organizations in the Slovak Republic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-22, August.
    7. Dominika Gajdosikova & Katarina Valaskova & Tomas Kliestik & Veronika Machova, 2022. "COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Challenges in the Construction Sector: A Case Study of Slovak Enterprises," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(17), pages 1-20, September.
    8. Martin Bugaj & Pavol Durana & Roman Blazek & Jakub Horak, 2023. "Industry 4.0: Marvels in Profitability in the Transport Sector," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(17), pages 1-23, August.
    9. Roman Blazek & Pavol Durana & Jakub Michulek, 2023. "Renaissance of Creative Accounting Due to the Pandemic: New Patterns Explored by Correspondence Analysis," Stats, MDPI, vol. 6(1), pages 1-20, March.
    10. Katarina Valaskova & Tomas Kliestik & Dominika Gajdosikova, 2021. "Distinctive determinants of financial indebtedness: evidence from Slovak and Czech enterprises," Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 16(3), pages 639-659, September.
    11. Iñaki Aldasoro & Wenqian Huang & Esti Kemp, 2020. "Cross-border links between banks and non-bank financial institutions," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, September.
    12. Rafael Becerra-Vicario & David Alaminos & Eva Aranda & Manuel A. Fernández-Gámez, 2020. "Deep Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network for Bankruptcy Prediction: A Case of the Restaurant Industry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-15, June.
    13. Stephen Taiwo Onifade & Bright Akwasi Gyamfi & Ilham Haouas & Simplice A. Asongu, 2024. "Extending the frontiers of financial development for sustainability of the MENA states: The roles of resource abundance and institutional quality," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 32(3), pages 1971-1986, June.
    14. Agarwala, Matthew & Burke, Matt & Klusak, Patrycja & Mohaddes, Kamiar & Volz, Ulrich & Zenghelis, Dimitri, 2021. "Climate Change And Fiscal Sustainability: Risks And Opportunities," National Institute Economic Review, National Institute of Economic and Social Research, vol. 258, pages 28-46, November.
    15. Bernard Njindan Iyke & Sin‐Yu Ho, 2020. "Consumption and exchange rate uncertainty: Evidence from selected Asian countries," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(9), pages 2437-2462, September.
    16. Beata Bieszk-Stolorz & Iwona Markowicz, 2022. "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Situation of the Unemployed in Poland. A Study Using Survival Analysis Methods," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-19, October.
    17. Daniele, SCHILIRO', 2019. "Public debt and growth in Italy:Analysis and policy proposals," MPRA Paper 97950, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised Nov 2019.
    18. Kahn, Matthew E. & Mohaddes, Kamiar & Ng, Ryan N.C. & Pesaran, M. Hashem & Raissi, Mehdi & Yang, Jui-Chung, 2021. "Long-term macroeconomic effects of climate change: A cross-country analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
    19. Burger, John D. & Warnock, Francis E. & Warnock, Veronica Cacdac, 2018. "Currency matters: Analyzing international bond portfolios," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 376-388.
    20. Feng, Guohua & Gao, Jiti & Peng, Bin, 2022. "An integrated panel data approach to modelling economic growth," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 228(2), pages 379-397.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    financial performance; indebtedness; indebtedness indicators; firm size; analysis of variance;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D22 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis
    • G33 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Bankruptcy; Liquidation
    • L25 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Performance

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:vrs:foeste:v:22:y:2022:i:1:p:63-84:n:7. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Peter Golla (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.sciendo.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.