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Income and employment disparities across European regions: The role of national and spatial factors

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  • Valentina Meliciani

Abstract

Meliciani V. (2006) Income and employment disparities across European regions: the role of national and spatial factors, Regional Studies 40, 75-91. The paper analyses the impact of trends in employment rates on income convergence across European regions looking at the evolution of entire distributions. Between 1988 and 1996, European regions have been characterized by a very slow process of income convergence across countries and by a lack of income convergence within countries. While trends in labour productivity have contributed to income convergence, trends in employment rates have had a diverging impact. Polarization in employment rates also appears to be the result of national factors and of the negative performance of Objective 1 regions more than the consequence of the emergence of geographical clusters that go beyond national borders. Regional convergence; Unemployment; Spatial correlation; Non-parametric estimation Meliciani V. (2006) Les ecarts de revenu et d'emploi a travers les regions d'Europe: l'importance des facteurs nationaux et geographiques, Regional Studies 40, 75-91. Cet article cherche a analyser l'impact des tendances dans le domaine des taux d'emploi sur la convergence des revenus a travers les regions d'Europe, etudiant l'evolution des distributions entieres. Il s'avere que, sur la periode allant de 1988 a 1996, les regions d'Europe se caracterisent par un processus tres lent de convergence des revenus a travers les pays et par un manque de convergence des revenus au sein des pays. Alors que les tendances dans le domaine de la productivite du travail ont contribue a la convergence des revenus, les tendances dans le domaine des taux d'emploi ont incite a la divergence. Il s'avere aussi que des taux d'emploi polarises resultent des facteurs nationaux et de la performance negative des regions classees sous l'Objectif 1 plutot que de la naissance des regroupements geographiques qui vont au-dela des frontieres nationales. Convergence regionale; Chomage; Correlation geographique; Estimation non-parametrique Meliciani V. (2006) Einkommen und Ungleichheiten bei Erwerbstatigkeit in europaischen Regionen. Die Rolle uberregionaler und raumlicher Faktoren, Regional Studies 40, 75-91. Dieser Aufsatz analysiert die Auswirkung von Tendenzen bei Erwerbstatigkeitsraten auf Einkommenskonvergenz in allen europaischen Regionen, und untersucht die Entwicklung ganzer Verteilungsmuster. Es zeigt sich, dass europaische Regionen sich im Zeitraum 1988-96 durch ein sehr langsames Fortschreiten der Einkommenskonvergenz der Lander und durch Mangel an Einkommenskonvergenz uberhaupt auszeichnen. Zwar haben Tendenzen der Arbeitsleistung zur Einkommenskonvergenz beigetragen, doch Tendenzen der Erwerbstatigkeitsraten haben sich davon abweichend ausgewirkt. Die Autoren stellen auch fest, dass Polarisation in Erwerbstatigkeitsraten anscheinend eher das Ergebnis uberregionaler Faktoren sowie der negativen Leistung der Objektive 1 Regionen ist als der Folge des Auftauchens geographischer Cluster, die sich uber Landesgrenzen hinweg ausdehnen. Regionale Konvergenz; Erwerbslosigkeit; Raumliche Beziehungen; Nichtparametrische Berechnungen Meliciani V. (2006) Desigualdades de ingresos y trabajo en las diferentes regiones europeas. El papel de los factores nacionales y espaciales, Regional Studies 40, 75-91. En este documento analizamos el impacto de las tendencias en las tasas de paro con respecto a la convergencia de ingresos en las diferentes regiones europeas y estudiamos, ademas, como evolucionan distribuciones enteras. Hemos observado que durante el periodo de 1988 a 1996, las regiones europeas se han caracterizado por un proceso muy lento de convergencia de ingresos entre los diferentes paises y por una falta de esta dentro de los mismos paises. Si bien las tendencias en la productividad laboral han contribuido a una convergencia de ingresos, hemos notado que las tasas de paro han tenido el efecto opuesto. Asimismo observamos que la polarizacion en las tasas de empleo parece obedecer mas a factores nacionales y al rendimiento negativo de las regiones de Objetivo 1 que a la emergencia de grupos geograficos que traspasan las fronteras nacionales. Convergencia regional; Desempleo; Correlacion espacial; Estimacion no parametrica

Suggested Citation

  • Valentina Meliciani, 2006. "Income and employment disparities across European regions: The role of national and spatial factors," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 40(1), pages 75-91.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:regstd:v:40:y:2006:i:1:p:75-91
    DOI: 10.1080/00343400500450075
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    1. de la Fuente, Angel, 2002. "On the sources of convergence: A close look at the Spanish regions," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 46(3), pages 569-599, March.
    2. Canova, Fabio & Marcet, Albert, 1995. "The Poor Stay Poor: Non-Convergence Across Countries and Regions," CEPR Discussion Papers 1265, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
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    1. Maria Francesca Cracolici & Miranda Cuffaro & Peter Nijkamp, 2007. "Geographical Distribution of Unemployment: An Analysis of Provincial Differences in Italy," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(4), pages 649-670, December.
    2. Olga Alonso-Villar & Coral Del R�o, 2008. "Geographical Concentration of Unemployment: A Male-Female Comparison in Spain," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 42(3), pages 401-412, April.
    3. Adolfo Maza & José Villaverde & María Hierro, 2009. "Regional Productivity Distribution in the European Union: Which are the Influencing Factors?," European Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(1), pages 149-159, January.
    4. Roberto Basile, 2008. "Regional economic growth in Europe: A semiparametric spatial dependence approach," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 87(4), pages 527-544, November.
    5. Azomahou, Theophile & Diene, Mbaye, 2012. "Income polarization and innovation: Evidence from African economies," MERIT Working Papers 2012-048, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).
    6. Kurt Geppert & Andreas Stephan, 2008. "Regional disparities in the European Union: Convergence and agglomeration," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 87(2), pages 193-217, June.
    7. Adolfo Maza & José Villaverde, 2009. "Spatial Effects On Provincial Convergence And Income Distribution In Spain: 1985–2003," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 100(3), pages 316-331, July.
    8. David Philip McArthur & Sylvia Encheva & Inge Thorsen, 2012. "Exploring the Determinants of Regional Unemployment Disparities in Small Data Sets," International Regional Science Review, , vol. 35(4), pages 442-463, October.
    9. Lehmann, Hartmut & Oshchepkov, Aleksey & Silvagni, Maria Giulia, 2020. "Regional Convergence in Russia: Estimating a Neoclassical Growth Model," IZA Discussion Papers 13039, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    10. Roberto Basile & Davide Castellani & Antonello Zanfei, 2009. "National boundaries and the location of multinational firms in Europe," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 88(4), pages 733-748, November.
    11. Azomahou, Théophile T. & Diene, Mbaye, 2012. "Polarization patterns in economic development and innovation," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 23(4), pages 421-436.
    12. Arbia, Giuseppe & Battisti, Michele & Di Vaio, Gianfranco, 2010. "Institutions and geography: Empirical test of spatial growth models for European regions," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 27(1), pages 12-21, January.
    13. Roberto Ezcurra & Belén Iráizoz, 2009. "Spatial inequality in the European Union: does regional efficiency matter?," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 29(4), pages 2648-2655.
    14. Matthias Figo & Peter Mayerhofer, 2015. "Strukturwandel und regionales Wachstum - wissensintensive Unternehmensdienste als Wachstumsmotor?," Working Paper Reihe der AK Wien - Materialien zu Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft 145, Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte für Wien, Abteilung Wirtschaftswissenschaft und Statistik.
    15. Peter Mayerhofer & Matthias Firgo, 2015. "Wissensintensive Unternehmensdienste, Wissens-Spillovers und regionales Wachstum. Teilprojekt 2: Strukturwandel und regionales Wachstum – Wissensintensive Unternehmensdienste als "Wachstumsmotor&," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 58503, February.
    16. Maza, Adolfo & Hierro, María & Villaverde, José, 2012. "Income distribution dynamics across European regions: Re-examining the role of space," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 29(6), pages 2632-2640.
    17. Valentina Meliciani & Maria Savona, 2015. "The determinants of regional specialisation in business services: agglomeration economies, vertical linkages and innovation," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 15(2), pages 387-416.
    18. Sheila Chapman & Stefania Cosci & Loredana Mirra, 2012. "Income dynamics in an enlarged Europe: the role of capital regions," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 48(3), pages 663-693, June.
    19. Adolfo Maza & María Hierro & José Villaverde, 2010. "Measuring intra-distribution income dynamics: an application to the European regions," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 45(2), pages 313-329, October.

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