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Automated market makers and their implications for liquidity providers

Author

Listed:
  • Werner Brönnimann

    (Ubinetic AG)

  • Pascal Egloff

    (Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences)

  • Thomas Krabichler

    (Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences)

Abstract

Automated market making for crypto tokens is an extremely attractive and efficient way to establish decentralized exchanges. An inevitable prerequisite for this type of market is the willingness of participants to provide liquidity. Except in the case of two correlated pairs, providing liquidity is often sub-optimal. In fact, one often faces significant opportunity cost commonly referred to as impermanent loss. Prevailing transaction fee levels, even with levered positions, are often insufficient to compensate for the opportunity costs incurred. Marketability and exchangeability are essential prerequisites for attributing value to many crypto tokens. Therefore, when issuing fiat tokens for the viability of intriguing business models, one ends up with the chicken-or-the-egg causality dilemma; how to achieve sustainable incentives to the liquidity provision for an abstract good whose intrinsic value is defined solely by that liquidity system? This article derives and discusses useful formulas for the quantitative risk management in the context of automated market makers. In addition, order size and pool size-dependent transaction costs are proposed that may incentivize the desired level of liquidity.

Suggested Citation

  • Werner Brönnimann & Pascal Egloff & Thomas Krabichler, 2024. "Automated market makers and their implications for liquidity providers," Digital Finance, Springer, vol. 6(3), pages 573-604, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:digfin:v:6:y:2024:i:3:d:10.1007_s42521-024-00117-0
    DOI: 10.1007/s42521-024-00117-0
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jiahua Xu & Krzysztof Paruch & Simon Cousaert & Yebo Feng, 2021. "SoK: Decentralized Exchanges (DEX) with Automated Market Maker (AMM) Protocols," Papers 2103.12732, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2023.
    2. Merton, Robert C, 1974. "On the Pricing of Corporate Debt: The Risk Structure of Interest Rates," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 29(2), pages 449-470, May.
    3. Samuel Cohen & Marc Sabat'e Vidales & David v{S}iv{s}ka & {L}ukasz Szpruch, 2023. "Inefficiency of CFMs: hedging perspective and agent-based simulations," Papers 2302.04345, arXiv.org.
    4. Masaaki Fukasawa & Basile Maire & Marcus Wunsch, 2023. "Weighted variance swaps hedge against impermanent loss," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(6), pages 901-911, June.
    5. Black, Fischer & Scholes, Myron S, 1973. "The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 81(3), pages 637-654, May-June.
    6. Vijay Mohan, 2022. "Automated market makers and decentralized exchanges: a DeFi primer," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 8(1), pages 1-48, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    Cited by:

    1. Marcin Wk{a}torek & Marcin Kr'olczyk & Jaros{l}aw Kwapie'n & Tomasz Stanisz & Stanis{l}aw Dro.zd.z, 2024. "Approaching multifractal complexity in decentralized cryptocurrency trading," Papers 2411.05951, arXiv.org.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Arbitrage; Asset liquidity; Automated market making; CFMM; CPMM; Decentralized exchange; Liquidity provider; Transaction cost;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C44 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics - - - Operations Research; Statistical Decision Theory
    • C61 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis
    • D50 - Microeconomics - - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium - - - General
    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates

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