IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/chinre/v17y2024i3d10.1007_s12187-024-10121-w.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Development of an Implicit Well-Being Measure for Youths Using the Implicit Association Test

Author

Listed:
  • Ricardo García-Márquez

    (Universidad de Castilla la Mancha)

  • Maria Stavraki

    (Universidad de Castilla la Mancha)

  • Darío Díaz

    (Universidad de Castilla la Mancha)

  • Miriam Bajo

    (Universidad de Castilla la Mancha
    Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, Ciudad Real Medical School, Department of Medical Psychology)

Abstract

Given the important limitations of direct (explicit) measures in psychological research with children, various scholars have focused on developing indirect (implicit) measures for different psychological constructs. However, children’s well-being has traditionally been assessed in an explicit and direct way. For this reason, the first goal of the present research was to develop a new instrument to assess children’s and adolescents’ well-being using the Implicit Association Test (WB-IAT-Y). The second aim was to examine the relation between direct and indirect well-being measures. In this study, 358 primary and secondary school students answered the WB-IAT-Y, the Psychological Well-being Scales, and the World Health Organization – Five Well-Being Index. Finally, an expert conducted a semi-structured interview with each participant, asking about satisfaction with life in the main domains for children (i.e., family life, friends, school, and overall life satisfaction). The WB-IAT-Y showed good internal consistency and adequate construct validity. Factorial analyses indicated that this measure acted as an indirect measure. As in previous research, the WB-IAT-Y correlated weakly with the two well-being direct measures, and it showed the strongest correlation with the semi-structured interview conducted by an expert. To conclude, the new WB-IAT-Y instrument is a useful measure to assess indirect well-being for youths. We suggest that it is important to evaluate children’s and adolescents’ well-being using both direct and indirect measures in order to assess conscious and unconscious processing of self-relevant information.

Suggested Citation

  • Ricardo García-Márquez & Maria Stavraki & Darío Díaz & Miriam Bajo, 2024. "Development of an Implicit Well-Being Measure for Youths Using the Implicit Association Test," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 17(3), pages 1311-1328, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:chinre:v:17:y:2024:i:3:d:10.1007_s12187-024-10121-w
    DOI: 10.1007/s12187-024-10121-w
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12187-024-10121-w
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s12187-024-10121-w?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Robert Cummins, 2000. "Personal Income and Subjective Well-being: A Review," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 1(2), pages 133-158, June.
    2. Miriam Bajo & Maria Stavraki & Amalio Blanco & Darío Díaz, 2021. "Direct versus Indirect Well-Being Measures: Using Partially Structured Stimuli to Evaluate Well-Being," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 22(6), pages 2575-2598, August.
    3. Darío Díaz & Amalio Blanco & Miriam Bajo & Maria Stavraki, 2015. "Fatalism and Well-Being Across Hispanic Cultures: The Social Fatalism Scales (SFS)," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 124(3), pages 929-945, December.
    4. Adrian Tomyn & Robert Cummins, 2011. "The Subjective Wellbeing of High-School Students: Validating the Personal Wellbeing Index—School Children," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 101(3), pages 405-418, May.
    5. Thea Toft Amholt & Jesper Dammeyer & Rhonwyn Carter & Janni Niclasen, 2020. "Psychological Well-Being and Academic Achievement among School-Aged Children: a Systematic Review," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 13(5), pages 1523-1548, October.
    6. Robert Cummins, 1996. "The domains of life satisfaction: An attempt to order chaos," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 38(3), pages 303-328, January.
    7. Eric Luis Uhlmann & Anthony Greenwald & Andrew Poehlmann & Mahzarin Banaji, 2009. "Understanding and Using the Implicit Association Test: III. Meta-Analysis of Predictive Validity," Post-Print hal-00516146, HAL.
    8. Jos Berge & Henk Kiers, 1991. "A numerical approach to the approximate and the exact minimum rank of a covariance matrix," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 56(2), pages 309-315, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mònica González-Carrasco & Ferran Casas & Sara Malo & Ferran Viñas & Tamar Dinisman, 2017. "Changes with Age in Subjective Well-Being Through the Adolescent Years: Differences by Gender," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 18(1), pages 63-88, February.
    2. Adrian Tomyn & Matthew Fuller Tyszkiewicz & Jacolyn Norrish, 2014. "The Psychometric Equivalence of the Personal Wellbeing Index School-Children for Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Australian Adolescents," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 15(1), pages 43-56, February.
    3. Miriam Bajo & Maria Stavraki & Amalio Blanco & Darío Díaz, 2021. "Direct versus Indirect Well-Being Measures: Using Partially Structured Stimuli to Evaluate Well-Being," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 22(6), pages 2575-2598, August.
    4. Ruta, Danny & Camfield, Laura & Donaldson, Cam, 2007. "Sen and the art of quality of life maintenance: Towards a general theory of quality of life and its causation," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 36(3), pages 397-423, June.
    5. Mònica González & Germà Coenders & Ferran Casas, 2008. "Using Non-linear Models for a Complexity Approach to Psychological Well-being," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 42(1), pages 1-21, February.
    6. V. Møller & P. Theuns, 2013. "What are The Best and Worst Times in the Lives of South African Township Dwellers? A Content Analysis of the Self-Defined End-Anchors for Bernheim’s ACSA Scale of Subjective Well-Being," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 112(3), pages 611-640, July.
    7. Wills, Eduardo & Orozco, Luis & Forero, Clemente & Pardo, Oscar & Andonova, Veneta, 2010. "The relationship between perceptions of insecurity, social capital and subjective well-being: Empirical evidences from conflicted rural Colombia," Galeras. Working Papers Series 026, Universidad de Los Andes. Facultad de Administración. School of Management.
    8. Alkire, Sabina, 2002. "Dimensions of Human Development," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 30(2), pages 181-205, February.
    9. Wafaa Shoukry Saleh & Maha M. A. Lashin, 2022. "Traffic Safety Policies for Saudi Women: Attitudinal Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-14, August.
    10. Xavier Ramos, 2008. "Using Efficiency Analysis to Measure Individual Well-being with an Illustration for Catalonia," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Nanak Kakwani & Jacques Silber (ed.), Quantitative Approaches to Multidimensional Poverty Measurement, chapter 9, pages 155-175, Palgrave Macmillan.
    11. Haiyang Lu & Peng Nie & Alfonso Sousa-Poza, 2021. "The Effect of Parental Educational Expectations on Adolescent Subjective Well-Being and the Moderating Role of Perceived Academic Pressure: Longitudinal Evidence for China," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 14(1), pages 117-137, February.
    12. J. Michelle Brock & Ralph De Haas, 2023. "Discriminatory Lending: Evidence from Bankers in the Lab," American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association, vol. 15(2), pages 31-68, April.
    13. Jushan Bai & Serena Ng, 2020. "Simpler Proofs for Approximate Factor Models of Large Dimensions," Papers 2008.00254, arXiv.org.
    14. van Ophem, JAC & Kohout, V. & Heijman, W.J.M., 2016. "Transition Economy And Happiness The Czech Republic Compared With The Netherlands In The 1990- 2004 Period," APSTRACT: Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce, AGRIMBA, vol. 10(2-3), pages 1-8, October.
    15. Pozharliev, Rumen & De Angelis, Matteo & Rossi, Dario & Bagozzi, Richard & Amatulli, Cesare, 2023. "I might try it: Marketing actions to reduce consumer disgust toward insect-based food," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 99(1), pages 149-167.
    16. Michela Carlana, 2019. "Implicit Stereotypes: Evidence from Teachers’ Gender Bias," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 134(3), pages 1163-1224.
    17. Satish Kumar & Filomena Maggino & Raj V. Mahto & Riya Sureka & Leonardo Salvatore Alaimo & Weng Marc Lim, 2022. "Social Indicators Research: A Retrospective Using Bibliometric Analysis," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 162(1), pages 413-448, July.
    18. Liselot Hudders & Mario Pandelaere, 2012. "The Silver Lining of Materialism: The Impact of Luxury Consumption on Subjective Well-Being," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 13(3), pages 411-437, June.
    19. Bernhard Christoph, 2010. "The Relation Between Life Satisfaction and the Material Situation: A Re-Evaluation Using Alternative Measures," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 98(3), pages 475-499, September.
    20. Heiko Rüger & Stefanie Hoherz & Norbert F. Schneider & Herbert Fliege & Maria M. Bellinger & Brenton M. Wiernik, 2023. "The Effects of Urban Living Conditions on Subjective Well-Being: The Case of German Foreign Service Employees," Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer;International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 18(4), pages 1939-1963, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:chinre:v:17:y:2024:i:3:d:10.1007_s12187-024-10121-w. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.