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Gender and Export Propensity

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  • Barbara Orser
  • Martine Spence
  • Allan Riding
  • Christine A. Carrington

Abstract

This article draws on theories about the internationalization process of small– and medium–sized enterprises (SMEs) and feminist arguments to explain gender differences in export propensity. Findings are based on a large–scale survey of Canadian SMEs. After controlling for sector, firm, and owner attributes, female majority–owned firms were significantly less likely to export than firms owned by men. The implications for entrepreneurship and feminist theory, export policy, and research are considered.

Suggested Citation

  • Barbara Orser & Martine Spence & Allan Riding & Christine A. Carrington, 2010. "Gender and Export Propensity," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 34(5), pages 933-958, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:entthe:v:34:y:2010:i:5:p:933-958
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00347.x
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    5. Manolopoulos, Dimitris & Chatzopoulou, Erifili & Kottaridi, Constantina, 2018. "Resources, home institutional context and SMEs’ exporting: Direct relationships and contingency effects," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 27(5), pages 993-1006.
    6. Hoch, Felix & Rudsinske, Jonas, 2022. "Institutional Discrimination Against Female Managers as a Barrier to Firm Internationalization and International Trade," VfS Annual Conference 2022 (Basel): Big Data in Economics 264005, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    7. José Ernesto Amorós & Rodrigo Basco & Gianni Romaní, 2016. "Determinants of early internationalization of new firms: the case of Chile," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 12(1), pages 283-307, March.
    8. Alfonso Expósito & Amparo Sanchis-Llopis & Juan A. Sanchis-Llopis, 2021. "The effect of the manager gender on SMEs export and import decisions: Evidence for Spain," Working Papers 2115, Department of Applied Economics II, Universidad de Valencia.
    9. Alonso-Almeida, María del Mar, 2013. "Influence of gender and financing on tourist company growth," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 66(5), pages 621-631.
    10. González, Carlos & González-Galindo, Ana, 2022. "The institutional context as a source of heterogeneity in family firm internationalization strategies: A comparison between U.S. and emerging market family firms," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 31(4).
    11. Machokoto, Michael & Bempong Nyantakyi, Eugene, 2023. "Are women-owned enterprises better for employees?," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    12. Mohamad D. Revindo & Christopher Gan, 2018. "Factors Affecting Variation in SMES' Export Intensity," LPEM FEBUI Working Papers 201820, LPEM, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Indonesia, revised May 2018.
    13. Haddoud, Mohamed Yacine & Onjewu, Adah-Kole Emmanuel & Nowiński, Witold & Jones, Paul, 2021. "The determinants of SMEs’ export entry: A systematic review of the literature," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 262-278.
    14. Guo-Hua Cao & Jing Zhang, 2021. "Is a sustainable loop of economy and entrepreneurial ecosystem possible? a structural perspective," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(5), pages 7002-7040, May.
    15. Maksim Belitski & Sameeksha Desai, 2021. "Female ownership, firm age and firm growth: a study of South Asian firms," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 38(3), pages 825-855, September.
    16. Martineau, Charles & Pastoriza, David, 2016. "International involvement of established SMEs: A systematic review of antecedents, outcomes and moderators," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 25(2), pages 458-470.
    17. Sara Poggesi & Michela Mari & Luisa Vita, 2016. "What’s new in female entrepreneurship research? Answers from the literature," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 12(3), pages 735-764, September.
    18. Hoch, Felix & Rudsinske, Jonas, 2021. "Building bridges: Bilateral manager connections and international trade," CIW Discussion Papers 4/2021, University of Münster, Center for Interdisciplinary Economics (CIW).
    19. Yancy Vaillant & Esteban Lafuente & Manoj Chandra Bayon, 2019. "Early internationalization patterns and export market persistence: a pseudo-panel data analysis," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 53(3), pages 669-686, October.
    20. Elena Meliá-Martí & Guillermina Tormo-Carbó & Juan Francisco Juliá-Igual, 2020. "Does Gender Diversity Affect Performance in Agri-Food Cooperatives? A Moderated Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-27, August.
    21. Ramdani, Boumediene & Belaid, Fateh & Boukrami, Elias, 2022. "Profiling exporting SMEs: The role of innovation-orientation," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 1-13.
    22. De Vita, Luisa & Mari, Michela & Poggesi, Sara, 2014. "Women entrepreneurs in and from developing countries: Evidences from the literature," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 451-460.
    23. Ioannis Giotopoulos & Alexandra Kontolaimou & Aggelos Tsakanikas, 2017. "Drivers of high-quality entrepreneurship: what changes did the crisis bring about?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 48(4), pages 913-930, April.
    24. Akter, Mansura & Akter, Shahriar & Rahman, Mahfuzur & Priporas, Constantinos Vasilios, 2023. "Mapping the barriers to socio-economic freedom in internationalisation of women-owned SMEs: Evidence from a developing country," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 29(6).
    25. Vargas-Hernández, José G & Orozco Quijano, Elsa Patricia & Virchez, Jorge, 2019. "A Critical Analysis of Scenarios for Small and Medium Enterprisee in NAFTA renegotiations," Small Business International Review, Asociación Española de Contabilidad y Administración de Empresas - AECA, vol. 3(1), pages 1-18, January.

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