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Prix des actifs et politique monétaire : enjeux et perspectives après la crise financière de 2007-2009

Author

Listed:
  • Entela Myftari

    (Université d’Ottawa)

  • Sergio Rossi

    (Université de Fribourg)

Abstract

The 2007-2009 financial crisis has raised again the question about the policy stance central banks ought to adopt in order to limit fluctuations in asset prices, which affect production activities and the economy as a whole. Despite the relevant number of analyses, no consensus has been reached yet on the attitude a central bank has to adopt to influence these phenomena and thus contribute to macroeconomic stability. This does not come as a surprise, considering both the complexity of the subject matter and the importance of agents’ expectations and interactions with regard to asset price evolution on financial markets. This article proposes an analysis of the monetary policy strategy and instruments that central banks have to put into practice in order to attain their goals. In an inflationary environment, monetary authorities ought to intervene in the financial sphere to limit the negative effects of any important increase in the prices of real or financial assets. Our analysis focuses on the pros and cons of two propositions. The first proposition suggests a preventive and restrictive monetary policy with respect to asset prices. It is characterised by an easy implementation and has a major advantage, because it contributes to limit agents’ optimism on financial markets. Nevertheless, such a policy can be inappropriate in light of its effects on the economic system as a whole, in particular as regards production and employment. In this respect, the second proposition, which consists in requiring from any financial intermediary that it has an amount of central bank reserves high enough with respect to its own assets, offers an advantage that is at best theoretical. This proposition raises in fact a number of practical issues, and notably the need to provide an important control system at the legal and administrative level. Résumé : La crise financière de 2007-2009 a remis en question le comportement que doit adopter la banque centrale pour limiter les fluctuations des prix des actifs, qui exercent des effets aussi bien sur les activités de production que sur l’économie dans son ensemble. Malgré la multitude des analyses, aucun consensus n’a encore été trouvé à ce jour sur l’attitude que doit adopter l’autorité monétaire pour influencer ces phénomènes et assurer la stabilité macroéconomique. Cela s’explique entre autres par la complexité du sujet traité ainsi que par l’importance des anticipations et des interactions des acteurs sur les marchés financiers en ce qui concerne l’évolution des prix des actifs. Cet article propose une analyse des instruments et de la stratégie de politique monétaire qu’une banque centrale doit mettre en oeuvre pour atteindre ses objectifs. Dans une situation inflationniste, l’autorité monétaire doit intervenir dans la sphère financière afin de limiter les effets négatifs d’une augmentation marquée des prix des actifs réels ou financiers. Notre analyse porte plus particulièrement sur les avantages et les inconvénients de deux propositions. La première préconise la mise en oeuvre d’une politique monétaire préventive et restrictive face aux évolutions boursières. Elle se caractérise par une concrétisation facile et présente un avantage majeur en ce qu’elle contribue à limiter l’optimisme des intervenants sur les marchés financiers. Néanmoins, cette politique peut être désapprouvée au vu de ses répercussions sur l’ensemble de l’économie réelle, en particulier sur la production et l’emploi. Sur ce point, la seconde proposition, qui consiste en l’obligation faite à tout intermédiaire financier de détenir à la banque centrale des réserves suffisantes en fonction de ses propres actifs, présente un avantage, mais tout au plus théorique. Cette proposition se heurte en effet à des difficultés pratiques, notamment à la nécessité d’instaurer un important système de contrôle juridique et administratif.

Suggested Citation

  • Entela Myftari & Sergio Rossi, 2010. "Prix des actifs et politique monétaire : enjeux et perspectives après la crise financière de 2007-2009," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 86(3), pages 355-383.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:actuec:0038
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Xavier Bredart, 2014. "The Crisis: The Relentless Resulting of an Explosive Cycle," International Journal of Financial Research, International Journal of Financial Research, Sciedu Press, vol. 5(3), pages 68-72, July.

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